NUR 339 Exam 5
- What is coronary heart disease caused by?
Answer impaired coronary blood flow
- other names for coronary heart disease
Answer ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease
- main cause of coronary heart disease
Answer atherosclerosis
- What dose coronary heart disease include?
Answer angina myocardial infarction
cardiac dysrhythmias and conduction defects heart failure sudden death
- What structure do the left and right coronary arteries arise from?
Answer aortic arch just past aortic valve
- What does the left coronary artery split into?
Answer left anterior descending artery circumflex
- What does the left anterior descending artery supply?
Answer the LV, ant. portion of septum, and the papillary muscle 1 / 3
- what does the circumflex supply?
Answer left lateral wall of LV
- What does the right coronary artery supply?
Answer the SA node and RV
- What is the SA nodes job?
Answer pacemaker of the heart starts the impulse
- what does the posterior descending artery supply?
Answer the posterior septum, ventricle, and posterior papillary muscle
- Where do the coronary arteries lie?
Answer on the outside of heart with smaller branches moving thru to supply circulation to subendocardium (inner layer of the heart)
- When are the coronary arteries mostly perfused?
Answer diastole
- What are the coronary arteries affected by?
Answer HR
Aortic pressure - autoregulation allows constant blood flow to coronary arteries at mean arterial pressure of 60-180
- What is the effect of tachycardia on coronary artery perfusion?
Answer 2 / 3
shortens the diastolic time when it gets fast
not enough diastolic time = not enough time for heart to be perfused (ischemic)
- What is the effect of severe hypotension on coronary artery perfusion?
Answer -
decreased coronary artery perfusion
- metabolic control of coronary circulation
- how do periods of strenuous exercise affect the blood flow thru the coro- nary arteries?
Answer heart muscle needs fatty acids & aerobic metabolism to meet energy needs blood flow regulated by O2 needs of myocardium
Answer coronary arteries can increase blood flow 4-5 x to meet demands needed
- What is released from the myocardial cells in response to decrease O2 supply r/t demand?
Answer metabolic mediators (K, lactic acid, CO2, & adenosine) cause vasodilation
- What factors are secreted by endothelial cells lining the coronary arteries that affect blood
flow?
Answer vasodilating factors
vasoconstricting factors anti-thrombogenic factors
- When is nitric oxide released (vasodilating factors)?
- / 3
Answer when the endothelium comes in contact with aggregating platelets, thrombin, products of mast