NUR 339 Exam 6 - Ex Answer Once elevated blood glucose levels re...

NUR 339 Exam 6

• This mechanism causes self-regulating functions to stop once returned to normal

Ex Answer Once elevated blood glucose levels return to normal, body stops produc- ing insulin Negative Feedback

• This mechanism takes a self-regulating function and exaggerates it

Ex Answer Release of platelets activates more platelets to form a blood clot Positive Feedback

• What are the three stages of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

Answer

• Alarm Stage

• Resistance
• Exhaustion or Recovery
• This stage of Selye's GAS begins with the body sensing stress, involving generalized

stimulation of the SNS and HPA axis

• Fight or flight response initiated

Answer Alarm Stage

• In this stage of Selye's GAS, the body selects to most effective channel of defense to

stressors in order to return to homeostasis

Answer Resistance Stage

• This stage of Selye's GAS depends on the body's ability to defend itself from stressors. 1 / 3

• If the stress is prolonged, the body depletes its resources resulting in immunosuppression and

organ dysfunction.

• If the body fights off the stressors it returns to homeostasis

Answer Exhaustion Stage OR Recovery

• How does the CNS create a stress response?

Which organs are involved?

Answer The CNS receives input from environment/body and creates a response Cerebral cortex, Thalamus, Hypothalamus

• What roles do the CNS organs play in the body's stress response?

Answer

• Cere- bral Cortex

Vigilance, focus, awareness, and cognition

• Thalamus

Relay center

• Hypothalamus

Controls and coordinates ANS and endocrine response

• What are some physical symptoms of the fight-or-flight response?

Answer

• In- creased HR/BP

• Pallor
• Decreased urine production/GI activity 2 / 3

• What is the role of the HPA axis in the body's stress response?

Answer

• Hypo- thalamus secretes CRF (corticotropin releasing hormone)

• Pituitary releases ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
• ACTH signals adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids (cortisol)

• How does the immune system respond to the release of cortisol caused by stress?

Answer Cortisol suppresses the inflammatory and immune responses (immuno- suppression/immunodeficiency)

• What are some factors affecting stress adaptation?

Answer Coping strategies, time, genetics, age, health, nutrition, sleep-cycle, support system

• What is an Adaptive Capacity?

Answer Ability to adapt to wide variety of environments and stressors

• What is a Physiologic Reserve?

Answer Ability of most organs to increase function to meet needs

• What are some complications of prolonged stress?

Answer

• Failure of a component of a system (hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia)

• Dysfunction of neural-hormone connections
• Many health disorders (CV, GI, immune, neuro, etc.)

• What is the normal WBC count?

Answer 4,000-10,000

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