NUR 347 Final Exam
- What diagnostic tests would you anticipate the doctor to order for a patient who experienced
a stroke?
Answer
- CT/ CAT to identify if a hemorrhage occurred
- EKG
- chest x ray
- BMP and CMP
- coagulation studies
- angiography
- What causes a CVA/ Stroke?
Answer
a decrease in cerebral blood flow leading to brain cell death and functional disability
- Ischemic Stroke
Answer
occurs from an occluded artery causing a blockage of blood flow to a certain area of the brain
- Hemorrhagic Stroke
Answer
caused by ruptured artery (like an aneurysm) and causes bleeding in or around the brain
- Is a stroke a medical emergency? 1 / 4
Answer
YES. Any stroke is considered a medical emergency and can strike suddenly. Treatment is needed immediately to prevent neuro disabilities.
- What are the types of ischemic/occlusive strokes?
Answer
Thrombotic and embolic
- Describe a thrombotic CVA
Answer
- build of plaque causes narrowing of blood vessel and can lead to rupture
- plaque build up causes clot formation
- occurs gradually over years
- common areas include bifurcations in artery or junction of vertebro arteries
- where there is a split in a vein or artery there is a high chance of plaque build up
- Describe an embolic CVA
Answer
- clot forms somewhere else in the body and eventually travels to the brain
- typically the clot is formed in the heart when the patient has A-Fib
- occurs suddenly
- can turn an ischemic stroke into a hemorrhagic stroke
- How does a hemorrhagic CVA occur?
Answer 2 / 4
- most common when hypertension in- creases pressure on the walls of the cerebral artery which
can lead to a dissection's or leakage of an aneurysm
- can happen is someone already has HTN, an aneurysm, or a CVM
- How can a hemorrhagic CVA cause a "double injury"?
Answer
this is when the blood leaks from the ruptured vessel and pushes on the brain tissue. causes neighboring tissues to lack their needed blood supply
- What modifiable risk factors would you teach your patient to reduce their risk of stroke?
Answer
- Hypertension (most significant)
- cease smoking (smoking can double the risk)
- dyslipidemia (decrease your cholesterol)
- diet
- obesity (weight loss)
- diabetes
- exercise more
- What are some non modifiable risk factors of stroke?
Answer
- family hx
- age (common in those younger than 65)
- race
- gender 3 / 4
- What are some pathological conditions that can increase the risk for stroke?
Answer
- CAD
- diabetes mellitus
- hypertension
- dysrhythmias (A-Fib)
- migraine or headaches
- hypercoagulability states
- sickle cell disease
- What is a TIA?
Answer
- transient ischemic attack
- similar to angina in an MI
- its a warning sign of a stroke
- interruption in blood flow and vasospasms
- symptoms usually resolves quick (30-60 min)
- treat like a stroke
- What symptoms do you look for in a patient who is experiencing an ischemic CVA?
Answer
- blurred vision
- double vision
- blindness in one eye
- aphasia
- slurred speech (dysarthria)
- weakness in extremities
- weird gait (ataxia)
- / 4