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NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
LATEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM| COMPLETE
250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
Which type of White blood cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and production of immunoglobulins? - ANSWER- Lymphocytes (B-cells)
What is leukocytosis? - ANSWER- Increased White blood cell count
What are manifestations of Scabies? - ANSWER- Mites burrowing in the skin, small streaks, intense itching
What kind of infection is a cold sore? - ANSWER- Herpes Simplex 1
Most common type of bacteria that cause skin infections? - ANSWER- Staph
Burn that affects epidermis and part of dermis, is this full or partial thickness? - ANSWER- Partial thickness
What would you see in 3rd Degree Burns? - ANSWER- Blackened tissue 1 / 4
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pg. 2 What is pruritis? - ANSWER- itching of the skin
What is erythema? What causes it? - ANSWER- Redness of the skin; increased blood flow due to release of histamine
What type of cancer is Squamous Cell Carcinoma? - ANSWER- Cancer of the skin
How does old age affect the skin? - ANSWER- Skin gets thin, elasticity is decreased, subcutaneous fat decreases
What can cause gout? - ANSWER- Increased uric acid
What is osteoporosis? - ANSWER- Loss of bone density, can be due to aging
When a joint temporarily moves out of its original position? - ANSWER- Dislocation
What is the bone disease that occurs in adults due to Vitamin D deficiency? And in children? - ANSWER- Osteoma Asia; Rickets
Example of artificial active immunity? - ANSWER- Vaccines
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pg. 3 Example of artificial passive immunity? - ANSWER- Injection of antibodies
What is an example of Type 4 (delayed) Hypersensitivity? - ANSWER- Poison Ivy, Contact dermatitis
What is metastatic cancer? - ANSWER- When cancer invades surrounding cells
What is the main goal of systemic chemotherapy? - ANSWER- Kills all fast/mutated replicating cells
Difference between benign & malignant tumors? - ANSWER- Benign are encapsulated and grow slowly; Malignant is fast spreading
What are the steps of carcinogenesis? - ANSWER- Initiation- (alteration, change, or mutation of genes arising spontaneously or induced by exposure to a carcinogenic agent) Promotion- (lengthy and reversible process in which actively proliferating preneoplastic cells accumulate) Progression- (final stage of neoplastic transformation, where genetic and phenotypic changes and cell proliferation occur)
What is anaplasia? - ANSWER- Lack of cell differentiation
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pg. 4 Regard fluid & sodium retention in kidney disease patients, what are you monitoring? - ANSWER- Fluid intake & output. Check patient's weight and BP frequently
What is Azotemia? - ANSWER- Excess nitrogen waste in the blood
What can cause Hydronephrosis? - ANSWER- Obstruction of ureter (Renal stones)
Manifestation of Wilma’s Tumor? - ANSWER- Hypertension, Mass in CVA, usually within children
What is the term for inflammation of the bladder lining? - ANSWER- Cystitis
What type of incontinence is due to increased intra-abdominal pressure?- ANSWER- Stress Incontinence
Term for when children wet the bed at night after age where bladder control should be present? - ANSWER- Nocturnal Enuresis
What is the order of filtration flow through the kidneys? - ANSWER- Bowman's Capsule, Proximal Convoluted Tubules, Loop of Henley, Distal Convoluted Tubules, Collecting Duct
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