NUR 406 Exam 10
- what are the primary functions of the kidneys
Answer filter blood control BP
maintain RBC levels (erythropoietin) convert vitamin D to active form regulate pH
- what hormones are involved in the kidneys
Answer renin erythropoietin
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- renin
Answer hormone secreted by the kidney
controls the regulation of BP (think RAAS system)
- where is renin formed
Answer in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) from the afferent arteriole
- where is the JGA found
Answer around the afferent arteriole
- erythropoietin
Answer production of RBCs by the bone marrow production of erythrocytes 1 / 4
- when is erythropoietin produced
Answer in response to hypoxia or decreased renal blood flow
- why does anemia occur in renal failure
Answer due to the lack of erythropoietin (RBCs) being produced
hemoglobin is a part of RBC that carries oxygen (without RBC there is no hemoglo- bin and no oxygen being carried)
- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol)
Answer metabolism of calcium
- calcitriol
Answer kidneys convert vitamin D (calcidol) to active form
- where is calcium absorbed
Answer GI tract
- why are the kidneys important?
Answer they monitor volume and the composition of blood
- MAIN functions of kidneys
Answer filter blood and form urine
- what is blood filtration measured by
Answer
GFR 2 / 4
15. GFR
Answer Glomerular filtration rate
- what is the normal GFR level
Answer 125ml/min
- what is normal amount of urine formed each day
Answer 1-2 L/day
- how do the kidneys form urine
Answer filtration reabsorption secretion
- how is urine filtered in the kidneys
- how is urine reabsorbed in the kidneys
- where are waste products and water secreted
Answer hydrostatic pressure in the capillary PUSH pressure
Answer capillary oncotic pressure PULL pressure (PROTEINS!!!)
Answer into the collecting ducts of the nephron 3 / 4
- after the kidneys, where does urine go
Answer kidneys -- ureters -- bladder (where it is stored) -- urethra (removal)
- what do the kidneys regulate
- upper urinary system
Answer fluid volume electrolytes acid-base balance
Answer kidneys and ureters
- lower urinary system
Answer bladder and urethra
- what is the structure of the kidneys
Answer retroperitoneal approx 5" long
adrenal gland on top of each kidney each kidney is protected by a capsule
- hilum of kidney
Answer where the renal artery/nerves ENTER and where the renal vein/ureters EXIT
- where are most of the glomeruli located
Answer in the cortex
- what is the function of the renal pelvis
- / 4
Answer