NUR 406 Exam 12 - Answer - filters the blood (removes water solub...

NUR 406 Exam 12

• what are the primary functions of the kidneys

Answer

• filters the blood (removes water soluble waste)

• helps control blood pressure (release of renin)
• helps maintain RBC (production of erythropoietin)
• converts vitamin D to active form to absorb calcium
• helps regulate pH

• how much cardiac output does the kidneys use

Answer 1/4 or 25%

• describe the flow of the kidneys starting at the cortex

Answer

• renal cortex

• renal medulla
• pyramids
• papilla
• minor calyx
• major calyx
• renal pelvis
• ureter
• bladder

• what is normal GFR

Answer 125 mL/min

• afferent arteriole brings blood Bowmans capsule

Answer to 1 / 3

• efferent arteriole brings blood Bowmans capsule

Answer away from

• what causes filtration

Answer hydrostatic pressure in capillaries

• what causes reabsorption

Answer capillary oncotic pressure

• what 2 structures in the kidney share a basement membrane

Answer glomerular capillaries and bowman capsule

• describe the structure of the nephron

Answer

• afferent arteriole

• glomerulus
• efferent arteriole
• bowmans capsule
• tubular system (proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, loop of henle, ascending limb,

and distal convoluted tubule into the collecting ducts

• what makes up hydrostatic pressure

Answer push pressure that is made up by volume, more volume is more push into the interstitial space

• what makes up oncotic pressure

Answer pull pressure made of proteins

• what pressure can cause ascites 2 / 3

Answer oncotic pressure

• what factors influence GFR

Answer

• filtrate osmotic pressure

• hypoproteinemia
• BP
• renal artery size
• afferent artery size

• what percent of filtrate is reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries and returned to blood

Answer 99%

• what are constrictors for renal blood flow

Answer

• endothelin's

• angiotensin II
• ADH

• what are dilators for renal blood flow

Answer

• dopamine

• nitric oxide
• prostaglandins

• what detects changes in renal blood flow

Answer the juxtaglomerular apparatus located in the afferent arteriole which then makes and secretes renin

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