NUR 406 Exam 3
- Mouth
Answer reservoir for chewing and mixing food with saliva into chyme
- Taste Buds (chemoreceptors)
Answer salty, sour, bitter, sweet
- Which cranial nerve controls taste and smell
Answer Cranial nerve 1
- how many permanent teeth do we have
Answer 32
- role of salivary glands
Answer moisten and lubricate food, contains enzymes and begins digestion of carbs and some lipids (release mucus to moisten food)
- 3 pairs of salivary glands
- submandibular
Answer
- sublingual
- parotid
- Saliva
Answer -water with mucus, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, potassium, and salivary alpha-amylase (cab 1 / 4
digestion)
-controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
- what does alpha amylase do
Answer begins to breakdown carbs and some lipids
- what does IgA immunoglobulin do
Answer provides local immunity...found in all body secretions
-a deficiency would cause overgrowth of yeast (thrush)
- Esophagus
Answer -upper 1/3 striated (motor neuron innervation)
-middle 1/3 mixed striated and smooth -lower 1/3 smooth (vagus nerve(10), involved in relaxation) -10in in length in adults
- Upper Esophageal Sphincter role
Answer Pharyngeosophageal
-closes off so that air doesnt get into esophagues
- what is the role of the lower esophageal sphincter
Answer Gastroesophageal
-allows for food to go into the stomach and prevents it from going back into the esophagues
- Hiatus
Answer 2 / 4
where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm into stomach
- what does the epiglottis do while eating
Answer it moves over to block the larynx (unless you're talking)
- Phases of swallowing
- oral phase
Answer
- pharyngeal phas e
- esophageal phase
- oral phase
Answer voluntary, food bolus is moved to the back of the mouth
- pharyngeal phase
Answer food bolus stimulates this phase by contact involuntary
- esophageal phase
Answer involuntary--peristalsis is triggered
-lower esophageal sphincter opens (relaxes) via CNX(vagus) innervation
- Swallowing
- bolus enters the pharynx, and soft palate closes the nasal cavity
- the larynx rises up to meet the epiglottis. bolus presses on the epiglottis and bends
- bolus enters the esophagus 3 / 4
Answer
it downwards, closing the opening to the windpipe
- Peristalsis
Answer Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
- primary peristalsis
Answer occurs after swallowing
- secondary peristalsis
Answer if bolus of food becomes lodged, the increase in pres- sure stimulates contraction to move food toward stomach
- layers of the GI tract
- Mucosa (where absorption happens)
Answer
-mucous epithelium -lamina propria -muscularis mucosae
- Submucosa (blood vessels, lymph)
- Muscularis (peristalsis)
- Serosa (visceral)
-gland in submucosa -duct from gland
-circular muscle layers -longitudinal muscle layer
-connective tissue layer -peritoneum
- Local controls of digestion
Answer outer = Myenteric plexus (Auerbach)
Answer intestinal movements and peristalsis
- / 4