NUR 406 Exam 7
- Where are the kidneys located
Answer Cased in fascia and fat between T12 and L3, Retroperitoneal
- Upper Urinary System
Answer kidneys and ureters
- Lower urinary system
Answer Bladder and urethra
- What % of cardiac output goes through the kidneys
Answer 20-25% 1000-1300mL/min blood perfuse kidneys
- Where in the kidneys does urine come from
Answer It comes from the nephrons in the cortex/medulla
- Primary functions of the kidney
Answer 1) Filters blood- Removes water soluble waste
2) Helps control BP- Release of Renin 3) Helps maintain blood cell levels- produces erythropoietin (acts in bone marrow) 4) Converts Vitamin D into active form 5) Helps regulate pH
- Normal GFR 1 / 4
125 mL/min
- Normal amount of urine formation per day
Answer 30mL an hour or 1-2L/day
- Forming Urine
Answer 1) Filtration
cleansing of blood (Hydrostatic pressure in capil- lary)
2) Reabsorption from filtrate back to bloodstream (capillary oncotic pressure)
3) Secretion of waste product & water into collecting ducts of nephron 4) moves from kidney to ureters to bladder where it is stored 5) removal of urine through urethra (micturition)
- what is the functional unit of the nephron
Answer glomerulus
- Where is the afferent arteriole moving blood?
Answer towards the capillary
- Where is the efferent arteriole moving blood?
Answer away from capsule
- Glomerulus 2 / 4
SUBSCRIBE
-Glomerular capillaries and Bowman capsule are both made of epithelial cells sitting on a basement membrane
-share a basement membrane -epithelial cells of bowman capsule stand up from the basement membrane on foot processes, leaving pores
- Nephron Structure
Answer 1) Afferent Arterioles
2) Glomerulus 3) Efferent Arterioles 4) Bowmans capsule 5) Tubular system most of nephron is in the cortex
- Nephron Function
Answer Blood filtered under pressure through the walls of the glomerular capillaries in bowmans capsule
- what is filtrate composed of
Answer water, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), glu- cose and small proteins
- What is ascites usually derived from?
Answer from a lack of oncotic pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure
Answer -push pressure made up of volume of blood/water
-hydrostatic pressure goes up with volume 3 / 4
SUBSCRIBE
- Oncotic pressure
Answer -made up of albumin, pull pressure
-pulls volume back in because hydrostatic pressure is lower at venule end
- Constrictors
Answer -Endothelins
-Angiotensin II -ADH
- Dilators
Answer -Dopmine
-Nitric Oxide -Prostaglandins
- What are NSAIDS
Answer antiprostaglandins
- What meds should you avoid with low GFR/renal disease
Answer avoid prostaglandin inhibitors (NSAIDS) because they vasoconstrict
- What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do?
Answer links changes in GFR to renal blood flow and makes and secretes renin
- Glomerular filtrate is similar to blood except it does not contain
- / 4
Answer blood, platelets, or large plasma proteins