NUR 406 Neuro Exam - Brings impulses to cell body Axon Carries elect...

NUR 406 Neuro Exam

• Parts of a neuron

Answer Cell body where the nucleus is located Dendrites Brings impulses to cell body

Axon

Carries electrical impulse away from the cell body

• Neuroglia Cells

Answer Cells that support and protect neurons

• Astrocyte
• Oligodendrocytes
• Schwann Cells

• Astrocytes

Answer Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.

• Transport nutrients
• Provide protection via BBB
• *Susceptible to cancerous changes (Brain tumors)*

• Oligodendrocytes

Answer Form myelin sheath in CNS

• Schwann Cells

Answer Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system *responsible for the formation of myelin in the periphery* 1 / 3

• Axons

Answer

• Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

• Can contain myelin

• Myelin

Answer A segmented layer of lipid material that helps insulate neurons and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses

• Formed by Schwann Cells

• Metabolic requirements of nervous tissue

Answer

• Brain receives 15-20% of cardiac output

• Brain consumes 20% of oxygen
• Without oxygen, brain cell death begins within 4-6 mins
• Glucose is a major source of fuel for the brain (Ketones can be used if needed)

• Oxygen and the brain

Answer

• Passes freely across blood-brain barrier

• Consumes 20% of oxygen

• The brain can work on anaerobic metabolism but it is extremely difficult
• Without oxygen brain cell death begins within 4-6 minutes

• Modulatory neurotransmitters

Answer dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin

• Excitatory Neurotransmitters 2 / 3

Answer Will depolarize cell making the transmission of the signal easier Ex Glutamate and Acetylcholine

• Glutamate

Answer

• Excitatory

• Involved in memory
• Oversupply can overstimulate the brain producing migraines or seizures

• Acetylcholine

Answer

• Excitatory

• Enables muscle action, learning and memory
• With Alzheimer's ACh producing neurons deteriorate

• Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

Answer Will hyperpolarize inhibiting the transmission of the signal Ex Dopamine and GABA

• Dopamine

Answer

• Inhibitory

• Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotions

• Oversupply is linked to schizophrenia
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