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NUR 425 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM
LATEST 2025 TEST BANK| COMPLETE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS ) GRADED A+|
BRAND NEW!!
what conditions affect altered mental status? - ANSWER - -metabolism (hypoglycemia, DKA) -infections (meningitis) -toxins (alcohol, lead) -trauma (traumatic brain injury, submersion injury) -endocrine (hypothyroidism) -neurological/neoplasm (seizure, myelomeningocele, tumor)
why is MAP important? - ANSWER - it is a better indicator of perfusion it is the average blood pressure during one cardiac cycle
normal value for MAP in pediatrics? - ANSWER - should be above 50 (adults are 60-100)
what is cerebral perfusion pressure? - ANSWER - pressure needed to ensure adequate oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the brain it is the difference between pressure of blood going to the brain (MAP) and the back pressure to this flow (ICP) 1 / 4
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pg. 2 What is intracranial pressure? - ANSWER - it is the force exerted by the three contents of the brain (csf, blood, tissue)
why must cpp must be maintained within narrow limits? - ANSWER - because too little pressure could cause ischemia and too much pressure could raise ICP net gradient that drives oxygen to tissue
what is the relationship between ICP and CPP? - ANSWER - they work against each other -if icp increases, then cpp decreases
what is the normal value of CPP in children? - ANSWER - 40-60
what is the normal value for ICP in children? - ANSWER - 10-15
why do we not use hypotonic fluids when treating IICP? - ANSWER - delivers too much free water to the brain and causes cerebral edema
why do we give IVF with IICP? - ANSWER - As an effort to attain normal blood volume and attain normal cerebral perfusion
why do we give mannitol for IICP - ANSWER - it is an osmotic diuretic used to balance fluid levels 2 / 4
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pg. 3 it is the preferred diuretic because it acts quick and long and does not affect the sodium levels
why do we give barbiturates for IICP - ANSWER - help sedate and lower the metabolism and decrease oxygen consumption and decrease CO2 production in the brain
do we give corticosteroids for IICP? - ANSWER - not unless indicated for tumors or abscess
why do we want to excrete CO2 during IICP? - ANSWER - because too much CO2 causes vasodilation which decreases BP and increases blood volume getting rid of excess CO2 causes vasoconstriction which makes room for whatever is causing the IICP-blood, mass, too much ICP
Why do we want to decrease metabolic rate during IICP? - ANSWER - preserve energy and oxygen and decrease demand on body -restore normal temperature via antipyretics and cooling blankets for fever -avoid pain and noxious stimuli
what medications can be given to help with atopic dermatitis - ANSWER - -hydroxyzine or diphenhydramine for itching (may cause drowsiness) -non sedating antihistamines such as loratadine (claritin) or fexofenadine (allegra) for itching 3 / 4
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pg. 4 -topical steroids for flare ups -topical immunomodulators for flare ups such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus -antibiotic for secondary infections
What is loratadine and what is it used for? - ANSWER - this is claritin!it is used as an antihistamine to treat itchiness and does not cause drowsiness like diphenahydramine
education to provide family about caring for child with eczema - ANSWER - warm tepid mild soapy baths, hydrate skin to relieve itchiness, apply emollients within 3 minutes after bath to trap moisture...dont completely dry
how does bacterial impetigo present and what should the nurse assess? - ANSWER - -caused by staphylococcus
-location: any skin region but most common is hand, nose, mouth
-transmitted by direct contact with an infected person or fomites
-symptoms: pruritis
-highly contagious to self and others
List the three barriers to the educational process with the educator. - ANSWER - 1. Fear of public speaking
- Lack of credibility w/topic
- Overdependence on notes
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