NUR 438 EXAM 1 GI EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% score (Newest 2025)
Pediatric Differences FLUID BALANCE: Extracellular fluid -
Correct Answers ✅75% of fluid stored for infants
Pediatric Differences FLUID BALANCE: Body Surface Area -
Correct Answers ✅Infant has higher loss through skin and from the respiratory track
Pediatric Differences FLUID BALANCE: Kidneys - Correct
Answers ✅Infant has immature kidney, which can NOT assist with conservation
Pediatric Differences FLUID BALANCE: Fluid requirements
depend on - Correct Answers ✅1. Current hydration status
- Disease state
- Environment
Pediatric Differences GI: Swallow - Correct Answers ✅Poor
control for the first 6 weeks, behavior is reflexive for first 3 months
Pediatric Differences GI: Stomach - Correct Answers
✅Small stomach capacity at birth grows over first 2 years.First month cardiac sphincter not developed so regurgitation is common if persis think GER 1 / 3
NUR 438 EXAM 1 GI EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% score (Newest 2025)
Pediatric Differences GI: Intestines - Correct Answers
✅Peristalsis is increased leading to increased feeding frequency. Bowel sounds are reported as active. Enzyme deficiencies that aid in digestion are not present for first 4-6 months. Concern for food allergies and feeding intolerance.
Pediatric Differences GI: Stool - Correct Answers ✅• First
stool is meconium should pss in the first 24-36 hours of life • Failure could be due to Hirschsprung disease, meconium plug, or ileus from cystic fibrosis.
Type of Dehydration: Isotonic - Correct Answers ✅Most
common water = salt lost. Major loss is in the extracellular.Most common cause is vomiting and diarrhea. It is the primary form in children and great risk = shock.
Type of Dehydration: Hypotonic - Correct Answers ✅The
loss of salt > water. Fluid shifts from extracellular to intracelluar. This can lead to secondary ECF dehydration.Labs show a low Na+ level <130. Causes include prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, burns and renal disease.
Type of Dehydration: Hypertonic - Correct Answers ✅The
loss of water > salt. Fluid shifts from the intracellular to the extracelluar. Symptoms may be delayed. Labs show a high Na+ level > 150. Cause includes Diabetes Insipidus or 2 / 3
NUR 438 EXAM 1 GI EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% score (Newest 2025) fluids/feeds with high electrolyte level. This is the most dangerous form due to neuro changes and seizures.
Type of Dehydration: Mild - Correct Answers ✅Tachycardia,
Increased thirst, slightly dry mucous membranes
Type of Dehydration: Moderate - Correct Answers ✅Dry
buccal mucous membranes, sunken eyes, sunken fontanel
Type of Dehydration: Severe - Correct Answers ✅Signs of
moderate dehydration plus 1 of the following: hypotension,
decreased peripheral pulses, CRT > 4 seconds, and lethargy.
Diagnostic Testing: Abdominal x-ray - Correct Answers
✅•foreign body •Bowel gas patterns •Stool presence •Perforation •Obstruction •Uses radiation •Check NG placement is gold standard
Diagnostic Testing: Upper / Lower GI - Correct Answers
✅•Uses barium, upper looks for reflux
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