NUR 4445 Growth and Development
- Who provided the theory of psychoanalytic development and what are the different
developmental stages (5)?
Answer
- Proposed by Freud
- different stages
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
- How long does the oral stage of psychoanalytical development last? What does this stage
look like?
Answer
- birth to 1 year
- infant uses mouth for gratification and exploration
- How long does the anal stage of psychoanalytical development last? What does this stage
look like?
Answer
- 1-3 years
- pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control
- How long does the Phallic stage of psychoanalytical development last? What does this stage
look like?
Answer
- 3-6 years
- during which children obtain gratification and concern primarily from the genitals
- How long does the latency stage of psychoanalytical development last? What does this stage
look like?
Answer
- 6-12 years 1 / 3
- the primary focus is on the further development of intellectual, creative, interper- sonal, and
athletic skills (dormant sexual feelings)
- How long does the genital stage of psychoanalytical development last? What does this stage
look like?
Answer
- 12 years to adulthood
- during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved
- maturation of sexual interests
during adolescence
- What stage of psychosocial development do infants face according to Erikson? What does
this stage look like?
Answer
- trust vs mistrust
- during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm
manner
- What stage of psychosocial development do toddlers face according to Erikson? What does
this stage look like?
Answer
- autonomy vs shame/doubt
- a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame
and doubt
- What stage of psychosocial development do preschoolers face according to Erikson? What
does this stage look like?
Answer
- initiative vs guilt
- child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities; gains ability to carry out a
plan
- What stage of psychosocial development do school aged children face according to
Erikson? What does this stage look like? 2 / 3
Answer
- industry vs inferiority
- child learns to be productive; ability to learn new tasks
- What stage of psychosocial development do adolescents face according to Erikson? What
does this stage look like?
Answer
- identity vs role confusion
- Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true
selves; ability to form a stable identity
- What is Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development? What stages is it made up of (4)?
- Each activity/cognitive development occurs in sequence
Answer
- Birth to 2 years - Sensorimotor
- 2-7 years - Preoperational
- 7-11 years - Concrete Operations
- 11-15 years - Formal Operations
- What is the first stage of cognitive development according to PIaget?When does this stage
last and what does it look like?
Answer
- Sensorimotor stage
- Birth to 2 years
- infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
- What is the second stage of cognitive development according to Piaget? How long does
this stage last and what does it look like?
Answer
- preoperational stage
- 2-7 years
- / 3