NUR 4445 Immunizations Communicable

NUR 4445 Immunizations & Communicable Diseases

• What are ways in which a child gains passive immunity (2)?

Answer

• Maternal antibodies in the placenta and breastmilk

• Exogenous administration of an antibody (i.e., IVIG, monoclonal antibody treatment for

COVID)

• What are ways in which a child gains active immunity (2)?

Answer Developed in the body

• Immunization
• Natural disease

• What is herd immunity?

Answer When a majority of a population are vaccinated against a disease. This means that even people who have not been vaccinated are less likely to get it because there are fewer people to catch it from.

• immunity can decrease future response to the same pathogen

Answer active

• Why do we encourage vaccinations (2)?

Answer

• Prevent people from catching dis- eases and developing their complications

• Decrease or eliminate infectious diseases from society (herd immunity) 1 / 3

• How do vaccines work?

Answer -Vaccines contain the same antigen as the disease, but killed or weakened so the disease doesn't occur (except mRNA vaccines)

• Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the disease
• Immunity is formed

• When should a child be vaccinated for Hepatitis B? When should each dose be administered?

Answer

• 1st dose at birth

• 2nd dose between 1 month and 2 months
• 3rd dose between 6 months and 18 months

• When should a child be vaccinated for rotavirus (RV, RVS)? When should each dose be

administered?

Answer

• 1st dose at 2 months

• 2nd dose at 4 months
• 3rd dose at 6 months if receiving RSV vax

• When should a child be vaccinated for DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and per- tussis)? When

should each dose be administered?

Answer

• 1st dose at 2 months
• 2nd dose at 4 months
• 3rd dose at 6 months
• 4th dose between 15 and 18 months
• 5th dose 4-6 years

• When should a child be vaccinated for Haemophilus influenzae? When should each dose

be administered?

Answer

• 1st dose at 2 months 2 / 3

• 2nd dose at 4 months
• 3rd and 4th dose between 12-15 months

• When should a child receive the pneumococcal conjugate (PCV 13)? When should each

dose be administered?

Answer

• 1st dose at 2 months

• 2nd dose at 4 months
• 3rd dose at 6 months
• 4th dose between 12 and 18 months

• When should the inactive Polio virus (IPV) be administered to children?

Answer

• 1st dose at 2 months
• 2nd dose at 4 months
• 3rd dose between 6-18 months
• 4th dose between 4-6 years

• When should annual vaccination against the influenza virus begin? How many doses

should they get annually? When can a child start to receive only 1 dose annually?

Answer

• annual vaccination starting at 6 months-- 2 doses per year

• 1 dose a year starts between 7-10 years

• When should children be vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)? When

should each dose be administered?

Answer

• 1st dose between 12-18 months

• 2nd dose between 4-6 years

• When should children be vaccinated against varicella (VAR)? When should each dose be

administered?

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