- | P a g e
NUR 445 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+/ARIZONA
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Question: What medication is used to decrease ICP?
ANSWER: Mannitol -osmotic diuretic -reduces ICP by inducing
diuresis (creates an osmotic gradient across the blood-brain barrier [BBB] and increased serum osmolality -> pulls fluid out of brain cells and shifts it into the intravascular compartment)
Question: What medication would you plan on administering to
a patient who is experiencing bradycardia or heart block?
ANSWER: Atropine -administer over 1 minute -therapeutic
effect desired = increased HR -rapid administration may be used during cardiac resuscitation (follow with 20 mL saline flush)
- | P a g e
Question: A patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis enters
the ED. What medication is used to treat this emergent situation?
ANSWER: Nitroprusside -arteriole vasodilator -rapidly lowers
BP -decreases preload and afterload
Question: What is clonidine used for?
ANSWER: lowering of BP Nitroprusside is the preferred agent
if BP needs to be lowered quickly
Question: What medication prevents the absorption of ammonia
from the GI tract in order to treat hepatic encephalopathy?
ANSWER: Lactulose -expect more frequent bowel movements -
should see clearing of confusion, apathy, and irritation and improved mental status (24-48 hours after oral administration)
Question: Under what condition would you administer tPA?
- | P a g e
ANSWER: patient that is suffering from an ischemic stroke
Question: What is mutual support?
ANSWER: assisting others providing feedback advocacy
behaviors when patient safety is threatened
Question: What is the difference between formal and informal
feedback?
ANSWER: Formal should be retrospective and scheduled in
advance Informal occurs in real time and includes huddles/debriefs
Question: Explain the phenomenon of alarm fatigue
ANSWER: Frequency of alarms becomes overwhelming,
resulting in delayed response to alarms and deliberate alarm deactivation which may impact patient safety
- | P a g e
Question: What is the purpose of palliative care?
ANSWER: nursing and medical treatments are combined with
control of pain and symptoms
Question: What is the CUS method of advocacy?
ANSWER: I am concerned I am uncomfortable This is a safety
issue
Question: What does DESC stand for?
ANSWER: Describe the situation Express what you think and
feel Suggest a solution Consequences if no changes
Question: What is the normal rate of the SA node, AV node, and
ventricular rate?