NUR 565 Exam 1 Terms
- an innate and automatic response to cell injury
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inflammation
- what four things does inflammation do?
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- neutralizes harmful agents
- Removes damaged and dead tissue
- Generates new tissue
- promotes healing
- triggered by noxious stimuli (infection or tissue injury); it is rapid in onset and short
duration
-->characterized by exudation of fluid and plasma proteins and emigration of leukocytes
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Acute inflammation
- longer duration and is associated with the proliferation of blood vessels (forming of new
blood cells), tissue necrosis and fibrosis (scarring)
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Chronic inflammation
- what is the primary leukocyte for acute inflammation? 1 / 4
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neutrophils
- what are the primary leukocytes for chronic inflammation?
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macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells
- What cells are involved in the inflammatory process?
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Cells involved in the inflammatory process include endothelial cells (cells that line the blood cells), circulating platelets and leukocytes (white blood cells), cells in the connective tissue (mast cells, fibroblasts, tissue macrophages), and components of the extracellular matrix.
- Describe endothelial cells (7 things)
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- single cells that line blood vessels
- smooth
- does the vasodilation and constriction
- selective permeability
- barrier
- synthesize & release inflammatory mediators
-nonthrombogenic
- Small, membrane-bound disks circulating in the blood that play an active role in normal
hemostasis
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Platelets
- When platelets are activated, what happens?
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proteins are released
- most numerous (60-70%), first cells to appear at site of acute inflammation, capable of
phagocytizing bacteria and debris, disappear within 24 to 48 hours via apoptosis; 3-5 lobe nucleus; do not stain
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Neutrophils
- 2% to 3% of circulating leukocytes (WBCs), stain pink, slower mobility, ap- pear at site of
acute inflammation 2 to 3 hours after neutrophils, granules toxic against worms that cannot be phagocytized, play important role in allergic reactions, longer life so present in chronic inflammation, too
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Eosinophils
- < 1% of circulating WBCs, most prominent in allergic reactions mediated by IgE-binding
of IgE triggers release of histamine and vasoactive agents from basophil granules; stain blue
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Basophils 3 / 4
- Come from same stem cells as basophils but do not develop until they leave the
circulation and lodge in tissue sites; most prevalent along mucosal surfaces;This distribution places them in a sentinel position between environ- mental antigens and the host for a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions
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Mast cells
- What happens when mast cells are activated?
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activation of mast cells results in the release of the performed contents of their granules (histamines, proteases, cytokines, growth factors & synthesis of lipid mediators & tumor necrosis factor); release of mast cells also stimulate cyokine and chemokine synthesis by other inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages
- macrophages; account for 3 to 8% of circulating WBCs; half life is about 24 hours after
which they migrate to site of injury and mature into larger macrophages to become more phagocytic. Linked to atherosclerosis
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Mono- cytes
- What do monocytes/macrophages produce?
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Produce vasoactive media- tors including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor (PAF), cy- tokines, and growth factors to help regenerate tissue. Help start healing process, play a role in chronic inflammation.
- Describe T lymphocytes
- / 4
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