NUR-631 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM

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NUR-631 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM

NEWEST 2025 TEST BANK| COMPLETE QUESTIONS

AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED

ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+| NUR 631 EXAM

REVIEW 2025 (BRAND NEW!!)

What is the most common cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections?

• Staphylococcus
• Klebsiella
• Proteus
• Escherichia coli - Correct Answer - d. Escherichia coli ; The most

common infecting microorganisms are uropathic strains of E. coli (80% to 85%). page 1350

Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be demonstrated in an 85-year-old individual?

• Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort
• Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain
• Hematuria and flank pain
• Pyuria, urgency, and frequency - Correct Answer - a. Confusion and

poorly localized abdominal discomfort

Exp: Older adults with cystitis may demonstrate confusion or vague

abdominal discomfort or otherwise be asymptomatic. page 1351

Pyelonephritis is usually caused by which type of organism? 1 / 4

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• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Viruses
• Parasite - Correct Answer - a. Bacteria

Exp: Pyelonephritis is usually caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli,

Proteus, or Pseudomonas. pages 1351-52

A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/ day with albumin as the major protein. These data suggest the presence of which disorder?

• Cystitis
• Chronic pyelonephritis
• Glomerulonephritis
• Nephrotic syndrome - Correct Answer - c. Glomerulonephritis

Exp: The data suggest the patient has the disorder known as

glomerulonephritis. Two major changes distinctive of more severe glomerulonephritis are (1) hematuria with red blood cell casts and (2) proteinuria exceeding 3-5 g/ day with albumin as the major protein.These symptoms do not support the diagnosis of the other options. page 1357

How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?

• Glucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium

resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration. 2 / 4

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• When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium

with it.

• Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and

is carried into the cell.

• Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to

move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen - Correct Answer - b. When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it.

Exp: This selection is the only option that accurately describes glucose

metabolism causing potassium to move to the intracellular fluid; insulin infusions therefore can be effective in shifting potassium from the extracellular to intracellular space, along with the transport of glucose.page 1363

________ is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure

• Intrinsic factor
• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin D
• Erythropoietin - Correct Answer - d. Erythropoietin

In glomerulonephritis, what damages the epithelial cells resulting in proteinuria? (Select all that apply)

• Ischemia
• Lysosomal enzymes
• Compression from edema
• Activated complement 3 / 4

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• Altered membrane permeability - Correct Answer - d. Activated

complement

• Altered membrane permeability

Exp: Activated complement, inflammatory cytokines, oxidants,

proteases, and growth factors attack epithelial cells, alter membrane permeability, and cause proteinuria. None of the other options are responsible for this process. page 1353-1357

What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

• Lysosomal enzymes
• Endotoxins from Streptococcus
• Immune complexes
• Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated response - Correct Answer - c.

Immune complexes

Exp: The immune complexes initiate inflammation and glomerular

injury in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the glomerulus, or the antigen may be trapped within the glomerulus and immune complexes formed in situ.The other options are not involved in initiating inflammation in this situation. page 1381

Prerenal injury from poor perfusion can result from which condition?(Select all that apply.)

• Bilateral ureteral obstruction
• Renal vasoconstriction
• Renal artery thrombosis
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