NUR 631 Midterm
- A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspendedCyto- plasm
Answer cytoplasm
- plasma membrane
Answer A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
- Nucleus
Answer A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
- a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and
involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Answer cen- trioles
- Ribosomes
Answer site of protein synthesis
- A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production,
processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Answer endoplasmic reticulum
- Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production-
Answer mitochondria 1 / 4
- cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
Answer lysosomes
- a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells,
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Answer golgi apparatus
- decrease/schrinkage in cellular size for adaption
Answer atrophy
- increase in size of cells (organs) for adaption
Answer hypertrophy
- increase in number of cells for adapation
Answer hyperplasia
- reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another (epithelium changes in smokers)
Answer metaplasia
- abnormal changes in size, shape and organization of mature cells (can lead to cervical cancer)
Answer dysplasia
- increased copper accumulation in liver and NS (biliary defect); AUTOSO- MAL
RECESSIVE s/s
Answer hepatitis, neuro/MS--tremors muscle incoord, behavioral change; Test 2 / 4
Answer copper, ceruloplasmin, genetic test, LFT, imaging.
Wilson's dis- ease
- kayser-flescher rings in eyes
Answer Wilson's disease
- necrosis cardiac infarct (other tissues, not the brain); typically affects kidney. Denaturation
of proteins from gel to firm state
Answer coagulative
- necrosis of lipids and macrophages (develop granulomas) TB/histoplasmosis
combo of coagulative and liquefactive. cells disintegrate /denature but debris is walled off (cheese like)
Answer caseous
- wet or dry necrosis that occurs from ischemia or bacteria; physical in- jury/trauma.
Answer gangrene
- necrosis in pancreas/breast tissue
Answer fat
- necrosis from bacterial infection/cerebral infarct; typically affect neurons/glia cells in
brain. Cells "digested" by their own hydrolases--tissue be- comes soft. walled off from healthy tissues, forming cysts
Answer 3 / 4
liquefactive
- 3 million per cell, thyamine-adenine; cytosine-guanine
Answer DNA
- packages of DNA
Answer chromosomes
- small head with flat facial features, slanted eyes; single crease in palm, heart defects, ALL
dementia (25% 0ver 35); 1/800 babies 5K per year
Answer Downs syndrome
- Downs syndrome
Answer Trisomy 21
- XXY; males with extra X; both male/female sex characteristics; decreased testosterone--
less body and facial hair, gynecomastia (risk for breast CA), weak muscles/bones, shy, small testes--infertile, impaired language develop- ment
Answer Klinefelter syndrome
- 45X, chromosomal disorder women only (missing an X) short, no/irreg. menstral, no
breast/wide nipples, low hairline, web necked; infants swollen hands/feet
Answer Turner's syndrome
- Type 1; IgE mediated, quick onset after exposure ALLERGIC
Answer bee sting, latex, certain medications (e.g. PCN) hypersensitivity reaction
- Type II Cytotoxic/antibody-mediated; CYTOTOXIC
- / 4