NUR 631 Neoplasia - Answer Altered expression of cellular genes tha...

NUR 631 Neoplasia

• Cancer is associated with?

Answer Altered expression of cellular genes that are re- sponsible for proliferation and differentiation

• What characteristics of benign tumors can make them potentially lethal?

Answer

• Proximity to critical structures (obstructing airway, growth in brain creating increased

intracranial pressure)

• Some benign cells have shown potential to become malignant

• Describe the common characteristics of benign tumors

Answer

• Do not invade adjacent tissue

• typically encapsulated
• Resemble their tissue of origin (liver, skin)

• is a lack of differentiated features in malignant cells.

What is this correlated with?

Answer Anaplasia More aggressive tumors

• What characteristic determines the diagnosis of malignancy?

Answer Invasion of local tissue or metastasis to distant sites

• The growth rate of tumors is typically slow whereas the growth rate of

tumors is rapid

Answer Benign Malignant 1 / 2

• tumors rarely have areas of necrosis and tend to maintain structure similar to their

cells of origin.

tumors often have areas of necrosis and have abnormal shape and size

Answer Benign Malignant

• The great majority of human cancers (90%) are carcinomas from malignant transformation

of?

Answer Epithelial cells

• List some abnormal behaviors of cancer cells that allow them to prolifer- ate?

Answer

• Cancer cells proliferate despite lack of growth-initiating signals from the environment

• Cancer cells escape apoptotic signals
• Cancer cells are genetically unstable and evolve by accumulating new mutations at a much

faster rate than normal cells

• Cancer cells develop proangiogenic signaling abilities allowing them to create their own

vascular supply

• Cancer cells develop the ability to evade immune surveillance and destruction

• Americans have an almost lifetime risk of developing cancer

Answer One in Three

• What are some modifiable risk factors that can influence cancer risk?

Answer To- bacco and Alcohol use, obesity, Nutrition, Sun exposure

• What exposure increases the risk of cancers in the anogenital, head and neck, and liver?

Certain viruses increase the risk of cancer in these areas

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