NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
NUR 2392 MDC 2 / NUR 2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM FINAL
EXAM QUESTION AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATES 2023.
– Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus ● S/S: 3 Ps (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria), ketones, fruity breath, Kussmaul’s resp.
o Polydipsia: increased thirst as the cells are dehydrated and
thirsty as a result of not enough fluids
o Polyphagia: increased hunger as the cells are starved of
nutrients as a result of not getting insulin and glucose into the cells.
o Polyuria: the patient has increased urination
o Ketones: present when the body needs to get energy from fat
as the glucose cells do not work. Causes the byproduct to be increased and ketones to present in the urine.
o Acetone Fruity Breath: with DKA as a result of getting
increased amounts of acid out of the body
o Kussmaul's respirations: increased and deep ventilations hen
the diabetic patient tries to breathe off excess acid in the body from increased hydrogen ions in metabolic acidosis.● S/S of hypoglycemia vs. hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia - cold and clammy Hyperglycemia - hot and dry, 1 / 4
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
needs candy sugar high ● From a BG level less than 70
● S/S:
○ Sweating ○ Pallor ○ Irritability ○ Hunger ○ Lack of Coordination ○ Fatigue ○ Cold ● Emergency as if sugar is not there the cells can die.● From a BG level that is above 110
● S/S:
- Dry mouth
- Flushed skin
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Polyphagia
- Weakness
- Headache
- Blurry Vision
o Rule of 15: occurs for patients in hypoglycemia. If the patient
checks their BG level and it is less than 70, the nurse should give the patient 15 g of a carb to eat or D50 if NPO and retest the sugar in 15 mins. If rechecked, and BG level is still below 70, give the patient another 15 g of carbs or D50 and recheck and call the provider. If still too low on the tired check, give D50 and call the provider and often RRT.
● DKA Vs HHS
- / 4
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
DKA - Diabetic Ketoacidosis HHS- Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome ● Type 1 Diabetics ● From a failure to take insulin or increase insulin usage due to stress, illness, confusion, or if they ● Type 2 Diabetics ● From extreme hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity ● If not treated, death can occur 3 / 4
NUR2392 MDC 2 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE 2021/2022
GRADED A+
do not know they have diabetes.
● S/S: polyuria, polyphagia,
polydipsia, ketones present in the urine, dehydration, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, acetone fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations, and hyperventilation, confusion.
● Labs:
○ BG: above 300
○ BUN/Creatinine:
above 30 and 1.5 ○ Metabolic acidosis- low pH, normal or compensated Co2, low HCO3 ○ Ketones present in the urine ○ Hyperosmolarity
● At risk:
○ Older patients with illness ○ Inability to drink fluids ● The urine volume will fall and glucose cannot be excreted.● Will cause CNS dysfunction and fluid intake impairment
● NO KETONES
● S/S: extreme
dehydration, orthostatic hypertension, confusion, seizures, coma, weakness or paralysis, hyperreflexia, areflexia.
● Labs:
○ BG: above 600
○ NA level is normal or low
- / 4