NURS 220: Pathophysiology Exam Study Guide
with Complete Solutions Homeostasis - Correct Answer The maintenance of stable internal conditions, regardless of external changes -good health is maintained w/ proper regulation -disease may develop if interrupted Health indicators - Correct Answer standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status Normal values occur within a range of values, and may vary depending on technoloy used for measurement Adjustments may be caused by age, gender, genetics, environment, and activity level Prevention of disease - Correct Answer -maintaining routine vaccination programs -participation in screening programs -community health programs -regular routine doctor visits Stages of research process - Correct Answer Stage 1 -basic science explored -ID of technology to be used -work done in the laboratory -animal cell tissue cultures Stage 2 -small number of human subjects Stage 3 -clinical trials 1 / 3
-involving large number of patients with disease or risk of the disease -double blind studies Components of a proper medical history - Correct Answer -current and prior illnesses -allergies -hospitalizations -treatments -specific difficulties -any type of therapy or drugs used Gross level - Correct Answer Organ or system level Microscopic level - Correct Answer Cellular level Biopsy - Correct Answer excision of small amounts of living tissue Autopsy - Correct Answer Examination of the body and organs after death Etiology - Correct Answer cause of disease -congenital defects -inherited or genetic disorders -microorganisms -immunologic dysfunctions -degenerative changes -malignancy -metabolic, nutritional problems -trauma, burns, environmental factors Idiopathic - Correct Answer unknown cause Iatrogenic - Correct Answer produced by treatment 2 / 3
-may cause a certain disease Predisposing factors - Correct Answer Age, gender, inherited factors, environment Prophylaxis - Correct Answer prevention, preserve health, prevent the spread of the disease Pathogenesis - Correct Answer development of disease Onset of disease - Correct Answer -sudden/acute
-insidious: gradual, vague, or mild signs
Acute disease - Correct Answer -short term, develops quickly -high fever, severe pain, etc., Chronic disease - Correct Answer -develops gradually -usually milder symptoms, often intermittently with acute episodes Sub clinical state - Correct Answer Pathologic changes occur, no obvious manifestations Latent state - Correct Answer no symptoms or clinical signs evident -in infectious diseases, referred to as the incubation period Prodromal period - Correct Answer short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms Manifestations - Correct Answer signs and symptoms of disease -clinical evidence -local and systemic indications Lesions - Correct Answer Specific local change in the tissue Syndrome - Correct Answer Collection of signs and symptoms
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