NURS 231 Pathophysiology Module 3 Exam Review Latest Update 2024-2025 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ 1, A 32-year-old woman presents to the clinic for her initial obstetrics visit, about 10 weeks into her pregnancy. She is in a monogamous relationship. (1) Should an HIV test be part of her initial blood work? Why? (2) An infant is born, and its initial antibody test is positive for HIV. (2) Does this mean the infant is infected? What would be the more appropriate test to detect HIV in this infant? - CORRECT ANSWER: Yes. Transmission from mother to infant is the most common way that children become infected.
- No. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is a nucleic acid test that can detect
HIV DNA. It tests for the presence of the virus, rather than the antibody, which is helpful in diagnosing HIV infection in infants born to infected mothers. These infants would have their mother's antibodies whether or not they have been infected.
A 12-year-old female presents with itchy eyes, nasal congestion and drainage, and sneezing every spring when the pollen count is high. (1) Explain the immunologic mechanisms that are responsible for her symptoms. (2) What type(s) of treatment might be used to relieve her symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play an important role in the development of type I reactions because they contain histamine.
- Antihistamines and nasal steroids
A finding of diagnostic significance is the well-known association of HLA-B27 antigen with which of the following disorders?Rheumatoid arthritis SLE Ankylosing spondylitis
Graves' disease - CORRECT ANSWER: Ankylosing spondylitis
A person with HIV is not infectious when they are asymptomatic. T/F - CORRECT
ANSWER: False
An antibiotic alone will heal an abscess. If false explain why: - CORRECT ANSWER: false, antibiotics can't enter through wall of abscess so drainage needs to take place
An appendectomy is performed on a 16-year-old boy who is hospitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain of 18 hours' duration. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. An infiltrate of which of the following cells would be most characteristic of the process occurring here?Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
Lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER: Neutrophils 1 / 2
Antibodies are also known as - CORRECT ANSWER: Immunoglobulins
As the CD4 T ceel count decreases, the body becomes suseptible to - CORRECT
ANSWER: Opportunistic infections
B lymphocytes produce what type of immunity - CORRECT ANSWER: Humoral
Immunity
During inflammation, blood vessels constrict to minimize damage. T/F - CORRECT
ANSWER: False
Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders. - CORRECT ANSWER:
There are over 80 identified autoimmune disorders many with overlapping presentations. Many manifestations are nonspecific and are seen in other non- autoimmune diseases. Blood testing isn't perfect either for diagnosing.
T/F: Active immunity provides long lasting protection - CORRECT ANSWER: True
T/F: B lynphocytes normally produce antibodies against host tissues - CORRECT
ANSWER: False
The T cells that display the host's MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself- antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection. T/F - CORRECT
ANSWER: False
The time between HIV infection and seroconversion is called what? - CORRECT
ANSWER: the window period
What are autoantibodies? - CORRECT ANSWER: They are produced when the
immune system loses its ability to recognize and they act against host tissue
What are the primary cells involved in the adaptive immune response?-neutrophils -antibodies -antigens
-lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER: Lymphocytes
What cell is a first responder to phagocytosis of a foreign invader -basophils -eosinophil -monocyte
-dendritic cell - CORRECT ANSWER: Monocyte
What cell mediator is the primary cause of vasodilation seen in acute inflammation?Platelets
- / 2