NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam
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HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate 4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen can test 10 days post exposure Mast cell - ANSWER Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.Histamine - ANSWER Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.Cytokines - ANSWER Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti- inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed. 1 / 3
Leukotrines - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.Prostaglandins - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.Chemotactic factors - ANSWER Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation Neutrophils - ANSWER Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation Monocytes - ANSWER Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF. 2 / 3
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWER Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs Cytokine TNF function - ANSWER Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWER Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils Complement - ANSWER Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.Kinin - ANSWER Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
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