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NURS 5315 GI MODULE 9, EXAM 5
ALREADY GRADED A+
Question : Upper GI organs
Correct answer: mouth,pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and
duodenum
Question : Lower GI organs
Correct answer: small intestine, large intestine, rectum
and anus
Question : Hepatoportal circulation
Correct answer: hepatic artery receives oxygenated blood
from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins.The hepatic portal vein receives deoxygenated blood from the inferior and superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and delivers nutrients that have been absorbed from the intestinal system
Question : Osmotic diarrhea
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Correct answer: Caused by the presence of a
nonabsorbable substance in the intestines. This pulls water by osmosis into the intestinal lumen and results in large volume diarrhea. This is how mag citrate, lactulose
and miralax work. Causes include: excessive ingestion of
nonabsorbable sugars, tube feedings, dumping syndrome, malabsorption, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, small intestine bacterial overgrowth or celiac disease
Question : Secretory diarrhea
Correct answer: Results in large volume losses secondary
to infectious causes such as rotavirus, bacterial enterotoxins, or c-diff.
Question : Motility diarrhea
Correct answer: AKA short bowel syndrome. Results
from resection of small intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS, diabetic neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, and laxative abuse. Fatty stools and bloating are common in malabsorption syndrome.
Complications include: dehydration, electrolyte
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imbalance, metabolic acidosis, weight loss and malabsorption.
Question : Upper GI bleed
Correct answer: bleeding that occurs in the esophagus,
stomach or duodenum commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers or Mallory-Weiss tear(tearing of esophagus from stomach) Characterized by frank, bright red or coffee ground emesis.
Question : Lower GI bleed
Correct answer: Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or
rectum from inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or hemorrhoids. Hematochezia, or the presence of bright red blood in the stools, suggest what kind of bleed
Question : Peptic Ulcer Disease
Correct answer: Is a break in the integrity of the mucosa
of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of the tissue to gastric acid. Risk factors include
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smoking, advanced age, NSAID use, ETOH, chronic disease, acute pancreatitis, COPD, obesity, socioeconomic status, gastrinoma, and infection with
Helicobacter pylori. S&S: Epigastric pain is worse with
eating, melena or hematemesis
Question : Duodenal ulcers
Correct answer: most common and tend to develop in
younger patients. S&S: epigastric pain that is relieved by
food. Patients may have melena(black and tarry stool) or hematemesis
Question : Ulcerative colitis (UC)
Correct answer: Inflammatory disease of the large
instestine in persons 20-40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has periods of remission and exacerbations.Characterized by inflammation and ulcerations that remain superficial and in the small intestine.