NURS 534 FINAL EXAM WITH 500 REAL

NURS 534 FINAL EXAM WITH 500+ REAL

QUESTIONS AND WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS

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NURS534

what are the cardiac changes during pregnancy? - ANSWER--heart moves upward and to the left to allow expansion

• cardiac output increases 30-50%

-supine hypotension- compression of venacava SBP decreases but returns to normal near term -slowed venous blood flow to the legs -stagnation of BF in lower extremities- varicose veins and hemorrhoids -dependent edema -predispose to DVT

what are hematological changes during pregnancy? - ANSWER--RBC- H/H decrease slightly

• iron metabolism increases

-coagulation and fibrinolysis

what are respiratory changes during pregnancy? - ANSWER--diaphragm rises- 4cm -thoracic circumference rises 1 / 4

• nasal and respiratory mucosa can become edematous and hyperemic due to

increases in estrogen and blood volume (rhinitis and congestion)

what are renal system changes during pregnancy? - ANSWER--dilation and enlargement of kidneys and ureters -enlarging uterus causes compression of ureters -progesterone causes dilation of ureter thru relax of smooth muscle -bladder capacity decreases -stress incontinence

what are integumentary changes during pregnancy? - ANSWER-- mechanical stretching -hyperpigmentation

• facial melasma

-linea nigra -striae gravidarum -palmar erythema -pruritus -gum hypertrophy

• accelerated nail and hair growth

-oily skin/acne -hirsutism -increased perspiration

what are musculoskeletal changes that occur? - ANSWER-= pelvic tilt forward = decreased abd tone 2 / 4

= change in center of gravity =waddling gait =relaxation and increased mobility of pelvic joint

what are pregnancy changes in GI? - ANSWER--morning sickness

• changes in appetite

-swollen gums that bleed easily -decreased tone and motility of smooth muscles -constipation -increase in volume of gallbladder -gas -distention

what are endocrine changes during preggo? - ANSWER--elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone -HCG -oxytocin- stim uterine contractions -prolactin- initial lactation

What could bleeding in the first trimester mean? - ANSWER--spontaneous abortion (threatened, complete, incomplete, inevitable, missed, septic) -ectopic preggo

what can cause a spontaneous abortion? - ANSWER--half are chromosomal abnormalities

• infectious- chlamydia, toxo, HSV 3 / 4

-endocrine- hypo/hyper thyroid -envtl- smoking, alcohol, radiation

• immunological- genetic coagulopathies

-uterine- uterine leiomyomas, congenital abnormalities

• trauma

what are the diagnostics for spontaneous abortions? - ANSWER--CBC -blood type and Rh =cervical cultures -quantitative preggo test- increase, decreasing?-ultrasound-

what is the treatment for spontaneous abortion? - ANSWER--D&C- -Medical- misoprostol- induces uterine contractions and expulsion of products, repeat doses if needed

• expectant-

what are risk factors for ectopic preggos? - ANSWER--infections -congenital anomaly -surgery -endometriosis -sterilization reverse -in vitro ferto -IUD

What causes preterm labor? - ANSWER-=premature rupture of membranes

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