NURS 611 - Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2
Question:
glaucoma
Answer:
leading cause of visual impairment and blindness; family history is a risk factor, can be inherited
Question:
open angle
Answer:
most common type of glaucoma
Question:
purpose of the inflammatory process
Answer:
the inflammatory process is the body's second line of defense when epithelial barrier is damaged. It's purpose is to limit the extent of damage, protect against infection, and initiate repair of the damaged tissue 1 / 4
Question:
what are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation?
Answer:
edema, pain, warmth, and redness
edema: arterioles near the site of infection or injury constrict briefly.
Vasodilation then causes slower blood velocity and increases local blood flow to the injured site. plasma leaks from vessels to tissues causing swelling and blood becomes more viscous
warmth/redness: the increased blood flow and increasing concentration of
red cells at the site of inflammation. leukocytes adhere to vessel walls
pain: biochemical mediators, such as histamine, stimulate the endothelial
cells that line capillaries and venules to retract, creating spaces at junction between cells
Question:
chemotactic factor
Answer:
a biochemical substance that attracts leukocytes to the site of inflammation
Question:
describe chemotactic activity
Answer:
this activity occurs distal to the inflammation in order to attract leukocytes from circulation. this activity is required for a much longer period than that of anaphylatoxic activity 2 / 4
Question:
phagocytosis
Answer:
the destruction of microorganisms and cellular debris; the process by which a cell ingests and disposes of damaged cells and foreign material
Question:
describe the action of phagocytes in inflammation
Answer:
- opsonization (recognition of the target and adherence of the phagocyte to
- engulfment (ingestion or endocytosis) and formation of phagosome
- fusion with lysosomal granules within the phagocyte (phagolysosome)
- destruction of the target
it
Question:
what systemic changes are associated with acute inflammation
Answer:
fever, leukocytosis ( transient increase in the number of circulating leukocytes), and plasma proteins
- / 4
Question:
how can fever be beneficial
Answer:
the generation of a febrile response can be beneficial because the microorganisms that cause some conditions are highly sensitive to small increases in body temp
Question:
resolution of tissue
Answer:
is damage is minor, no complications occur, and destroyed tissues are capable of regeneration, it is possible to return injured tissues to an approximation of their original structure and physiologic function
Question:
repair of tissue
Answer:
replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue; new tissue may not be able to function as the original tissue; occurs if resolution is not possible
- / 4