NURS 611 Exam 2 What makes up the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER - Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER - Conserving energy and the body's resources What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER - Catecholamine release - Epinephrine Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing to GI/Integumentary What are the classifications of primary brain injury? - ANSWER - Focal or diffuse What are focal brain injuries? - ANSWER - Specific, grossly observable lesions that occur in a precise location 1 / 3
What are examples of focal brain injuries? - ANSWER - Epidural hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage What are examples of diffuse brain injuries? - ANSWER - Hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels What can happen with increased intracranial pressures? - ANSWER - Collateral dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia? - ANSWER - Paroxysmal hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion with flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia.What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia? - ANSWER - Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the hypertension and stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord 2 / 3
What are the onset of delirium and dementia? - ANSWER - Delirium - acute and common during hospitalization Dementia - usually insidious and can be acute in situations such as trauma or stroke What conditions are associated with delirium? - ANSWER - UTI, thyroid disorders, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal insufficiency, trauma, multiple medications What conditions are associated with dementia? - ANSWER - May have no other conditions What is the course of delirium? - ANSWER - Fluctuates and remits with treatment What is the course with dementia? - ANSWER - chronic slow decline What is the duration of delirium? - ANSWER - Hours to weeks
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