NURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO LATEST TEST BANK 156

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NURS 611 EXAM 3 PATHO LATEST TEST BANK 156

REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORR ECT ANSWERS

2023-2024 |ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE

UNIVERSITY)

• What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?

Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy

• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is

inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. This is an example of:

Negative feedback Negative feedback. Negative feedback occurs because the changing chemical, neural, or endocrine response to a stimulus negates the initiating change that triggered the release of the hormone.

3. Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located:

Inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm Inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm. Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located inside the plasma membrane and easily diffuse across the plasma membrane to bind to either cytosolic or nuclear receptors.

• The releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior

pituitary via the:

Portal hypophyseal blood vessels Portal hypophyseal blood vessels. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are secreted into the portal blood vessels through which they travel to the anterior pituitary hormones.

• Which mineral is needed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate the

secretion of thyroid hormone (TH)?Iodide Iodide. TSH, which is synthesized and stored in the anterior pituitary, stimulates secretion of TH by activating intracellular processes, including the uptake of iodine necessary for the synthesis of TH.

• What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?

Decreases serum calcium Decreases serum calcium. Hyperphosphatemia leads to hypocalcemia. Remember that phos and calcium are inversely related.

• Insulin transports which electrolyte in the cell?
• Potassium

Potassium. Insulin facilitates the intracellular transport of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium.

• Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a β-adrenergic

receptor?Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Second-messenger molecules are the initial link between the first signal (hormone) and the inside of the cell.

• Regulation of the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is an example of

which type of regulation? 1 / 3

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Neural Neural. The release of hormones occurs either in response to an alteration in the cellular environment or in the process of maintaining a regulated level of certain hormones or certain 2 / 3

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substances. Several different mechanisms, one of which is neural control (e.g., stress-induced release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla), regulate the release of hormones.

• Which hormone does the second messenger calcium (Ca

++

• bind to activate

phospholipase C through a G protein?Angiotensin II

11. The control of calcium in cells is important because it:

Acts as a second messenger.Acts as a second messenger. In addition to being an important ion that participates in a multitude of cellular actions, Ca ++ is considered an important second messenger.

• Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized, and where does it act?

Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells Hypothalamus; renal tubular cells. Once synthesized in the hypothalamus, ADH acts on the vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of the renal duct cells to increase their permeability.

• How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal imbalance?

Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn of the system.Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system. Negative- feedback systems are important in maintaining hormones within physiologic ranges. The lack of negative-feedback inhibition on hormonal release often results in pathologic conditions. Excessive hormone production, which is the result of the failure to turn of the system, can cause various hormonal imbalances and related conditions.

• A deficiency of which chemical may result in hypothyroidism?

Iodine Iodine. The only cause of hypothyroidism from among the provided options is a deficiency of endemic iodine.

• What imbalance lessens the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone

Increased serum calcium levels The overall effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)is to increase serum calcium and to decrease serum phosphate concentration.

• Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?

Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism. If the tumor exerts sufficient pressure, then thyroid and adrenal hypofunction may occur because of lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). These result in the symptoms of hypothyroidism and hypocortisolism.

• Which substance is a water-soluble protein hormone?

Insulin Insulin. Peptide or protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary, hypothalamic, and parathyroid, are water soluble and circulate in free (unbound) forms.

• Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

Cortisol Cortisol. Cortisol and adrenal androgens are lipid-soluble hormones and are primarily bound to a carrier or transport protein in circulation.

• Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are:
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