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NURS 611 NEWEST UPDATE 2024 -2025 EXAM 2/
PATHO COMPLETE 150+ ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) GRADED A+
Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? - Correct Answer - Eosinophils.Eosinophils serve as the body's primary defense against parasites.
What is the first stage in the infectious process? - Correct Answer - Colonization From the perspective of the microorganisms that cause disease, the infectious process
undergoes four separate stages of progression: 1) colonization, 2) invasion, 3)
multiplication, and 4) spread.
Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin? - Correct Answer - Bacteria and fungi Only bacteria and fungi have the capacity to reproduce on the skin.
Which statement is true concerning exotoxins?• Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria • Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria • Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth • Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades - Correct Answer - Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth
Which statement is true about vaccines?• Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms 1 / 3
pg. 2 • Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long protection • Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms • Vaccines provide effective protection against most infections - Correct Answer - Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long protection In general, vaccine-induced protection does not persist as long as infection-induced immunity, thus booster injections may be necessary to maintain protection throughout life.
Definition of toxigenicity - Correct Answer - An important factor in determining a pathogen's ability to produce disease Toxigenicity is the ability of a pathogen to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins, which are factors that greatly influence the pathogen's degree of virulence.
The infectious process is made up of invasion verses evasion. Evasion is when? - Correct Answer - The body's defenses such as the inflammatory process is exhausted.Evasion is when those body defenses results in microorganisms being transported through the blood such as septicemia
Normal bacterial flora found in the intestines produce vitamin K to assist in the absorption of which of the following? - Correct Answer - Calcium, iron, and magnesium The flora's production of vitamin K is needed to absorb various ions, such as calcium, iron, and magnesium.
An individual's acquired-immunity is dependent on the function of which cells? - Correct Answer - T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages These cells along with dendritic cells are involved in acquired-immunity.
Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? - Correct Answer - Active-acquired immunity. An individual produces active-acquired immunity (active immunity) after natural exposure to an antigen or after immunization, whereas passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune response at all. The innate immune system, also known as nonspecific immune system and the first line of defense, is composed of the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection 2 / 3
pg. 3 by other organisms in a nonspecific manner, which means that the cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way
What is the role of a natural killer (NK) cells? - Correct Answer - Elimination of malignant cells The main function of NK cells is to recognize and eliminate cells infected with viruses, although they are also somewhat effective at eliminating other abnormal host cells, specifically cancer cells.
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta? - Correct Answer - Passive-acquired immunity Passive-acquired immunity (passive immunity) does not involve the host's immune response at all. Rather, passive immunity occurs when preformed antibodies or T lymphocytes are transferred from a donor to the recipient. This transfer can occur naturally, as in the passage of maternal antibodies across the placenta to the fetus, or artificially, as in a clinic using immunotherapy for a specific disease.
When antigens are administered to produce immunity, why are different routes of administration considered? - Correct Answer - Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.Each route preferentially stimulates a different set of lymphocyte-containing (lymphoid) tissues and therefore results in the induction of different types of cell-mediated or humoral immune responses.
Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions? - Correct Answer - IgA IgA can be divided into two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2. IgA1 molecules are predominately found in the blood, whereas IgA2 is the predominant class of antibody found in normal body secretions.
Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response? - Correct Answer
- IgM
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Typically, IgM is produced first (primary immune response), followed by IgG against the same antigen.