NURS 617 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL

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NURS 617 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL

EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

|ALREADY GRADED A+ ||

What is the correct way to take bisphosphonates - ANSWER- On an empty stomach with a full 8 ounces of water Cannot eat or lie down for at least 30-60 minutes after taking

Which medication class used to treat osteoporosis can cause severe esophagitis and possible osteonecrosis of the jaw? - ANSWER- Bisphosphonates (-nate)

Which medication class used to treat osteoporosis should not be taken by patients with swallowing difficulties or known esophageal abnormalities - ANSWER- Bisphosphonates (-nate)

Oral absorption of bisphosphonates is inhibited/blocked by what ? - ANSWER- - Food, especially dairy

• Calcium supplements (should give these at least an hour after

bisphosphonates are taken )

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How long does it take to see measurable effects on fracture risk with use of bisphosphonates - ANSWER- 6-12 months

Pharmacodynamics of the anabolic agent teraperitide (Forteo) in treatment of osteoporosis - ANSWER- This drug is a synthetic, recombinant form of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Like physiologic PTH it stimulates osteoblast activity to form new bone. It also increases absorption of calcium from the G.I. tract and enhances the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. The net effect is to increase bone density

Advantages of using the anabolic agent teraperitide (Forteo) in the treatment of osteoporosis - ANSWER- - Effective in reducing fracture risk in osteoporosis patients who have already suffered a fracture

• Provides an option for patients who cannot take other therapies

for osteoporosis

Disadvantages of using the anabolic agent teraperitide (Forteo) in the treatment of osteoporosis - ANSWER- - Very expensive

• Must be injected subcutaneously daily
• Limited indications for use
• Not recommended for more than 2 years of therapy
• Has caused osteosarcoma in laboratory rats; should not be used

in patients with Paget's disease of bone 2 / 4

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Advantages of Acetaminophen in Osteoarthritis - ANSWER- - Does not cause G.I. tract irritations

• Does not cause a bleeding tendency like some of the other

analgesics used for osteoarthritis

• Rapid onset of action (30-60 min.)
• Very few contraindications or precautions.

Disadvantages of Acetaminophen in Osteoarthritis - ANSWER-

• Less potent than aspirin and the other NSAIDs
• Has no anti-inflammatory effects outside of the brain; will not

reduce peripheral inflammatory conditions

• Hepatotoxicity; especially in patients with pre-existing liver

disease or with concomitant alcohol intake

• Precautions in patients with renal disease; does have some

nephrotoxicity if used in excessive doses

• Has no anti platelet effects. However, it may increase the

anticoagulant effect of warfarin

Primary function of the COX-1 enzyme - ANSWER- The COX-

• enzyme is a normally functioning enzyme that continually

synthesizes the normal biomediators prostaglandin, prostacyclin, and thromboxane. These biomediators have beneficial normal functions such as gastric mucus production, enhancement of 3 / 4

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platelet function in blood clotting, vasodilatation (especially of renal arteries), regulation of body temperature, and stimulation of uterine contractions

Primary function of the COX-2 enzyme - ANSWER- The COX-

• enzyme only functions during stress or inflammatory

conditions and produces the same biomediators but in greater amounts to activate pain sensors, produce vasodilatation, and enhance blood clotting in damaged blood vessels.

Which NSAID has the greatest analgesic effect - ANSWER- Ketorolac (Toradol) IM

Which NSAIDs have a rapid onset of action and are used for acute pain - ANSWER- naproxen, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, indomethacin, etodolac, and piroxicam have an onset of action of 30-60 min

Which NSAID has a long duration of action and is useful in chronic pain - ANSWER- Piroxicam has a long duration of action (2-3 days)

Disadvantages of NSAIDs in treating osteoarthritis - ANSWER-

• The non-selective agents commonly cause G.I. problems
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