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NURS 617 FINAL EXAM REVIEW AND STUDY
GUIDE EXAM NEW EST 2025 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE 550 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+| NURS 617
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIS FINAL EXAM PREP|
NEW!!
The most common cause of hypoxic injury is:
- chemical toxicity.
- free radicals.
- malnutrition.
- ischemia. - Correct Answer - d. ischemia.
Rationale: Hypoxic injury results from a lack of oxygen. The most
common cause of this type of cell injury is ischemia, a decrease in blood flow to the tissue.
The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:
- cell division.
- plasma membrane thickness.
- protein synthesis.
- water accumulation. - Correct Answer - c. protein synthesis.
Rationale: The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in
protein synthesis to produce larger, stronger muscle cells. 1 / 4
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Tissue ischemia and a decrease in mitochondrial oxygenation result in:
- cellular dehydration.
- calcium accumulation outside the cell.
- decreased ATP production.
- increased protein synthesis. - Correct Answer - c. decreased ATP
production.
Rationale: A decrease in oxygen delivery results in a decrease in ATP
production.
Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene are molecules in food that act
as:
- receptor blockers.
- antioxidants.
- poisons.
- free radicals. - Correct Answer - b. antioxidants.
Rationale: Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene are antioxidants that
attract and neutralize unpaired electrons to protect against free radical injury.
Which of the following molecules is likely to accumulate in any dead or dying tissues?
- Calcium
- Uric acid
- Melanin
- Protein - Correct Answer - a. Calcium 2 / 4
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Rationale: When calcium pumps fail due to mitochondrial injury,
calcium accumulates in the cytoplasm and contributes to irreversible cellular injury and cell death.
An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the following organs?
- Skeletal muscles
- Skin
- Liver
- Brain - Correct Answer - a. Skeletal muscles
Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results in
muscle atrophy.
Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results in
cervical:
- hormonal hyperplasia.
- atrophy.
- dysplasia.
- metaplasia. - Correct Answer - c. dysplasia.
Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a common cause of
cervical dysplasia.)
Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following mechanisms?
- Cellular dehydration 3 / 4
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- Intracellular sodium loss
- Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
- Hypoxic injury - Correct Answer - c. Lipid accumulation in
hepatocytes
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid accumulation in
hepatocytes that decreases liver function and may result in liver cirrhosis.
In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division in
response to:
- decreased hormonal stimulation.
- ischemia.
- tissue loss.
- puberty. - Correct Answer - c. tissue loss.
Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are stimulated to
replace the lost tissue.
In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt
through the process of:
- hyperplasia.
- hypertrophy.
- atrophy.
- dysplasia. - Correct Answer - b. hypertrophy.
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