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NURS 6501 MIDTERM WEEKS 1-6 TOPICS
1.Phagocytosis ANS process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell 2.lysosomal enzymes ANS can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids 3.oxidative phosphorylation ANS When energy is released at each step of the chain is stored in a form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
4.Glycolisis ANS the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
5.passive transport ANS The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy 6.active transport ANS the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy 7.Cellular Adaptation ANS the cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury 1 / 4
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8.cellular injury ANS occurs if cell is unable to maintain homeostasis 9.free radicals ANS Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrin- kling and sagging of the skin.
10.oxidative stress ANS a condition in which the production of oxidants and free radicals exceeds the body's ability to handle them and prevent damage 11.chemical injury ANS Toxic chemicals or poisons can cause cellular injury both indirectly and by becoming metabolized into reactive chemicals by the body 12.carbon monoxide ANS a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incom- plete combustion of carbon.
13.lead poisoning ANS A medical condition caused by toxic levels of the metal lead in the blood 14.necrosis ANS tissue death 15.Apoptosis 2 / 4
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ANS programmed cell death 16.Hyponatremia ANS low sodium blood levels due to consuming too much water without electrolytes 17.Hypernatremia ANS increased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions, hypoten- sion, tachycardia.give hypotonic solution.
18.Hypokalemia ANS deficient level of potassium in the blood 19.Hyperkalemia ANS high levels of potassium in the blood 20.Hypocalcemia ANS CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor 21.Hypercalcemia ANS muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, con- fusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
22.metabolic alkalosis ANS High pH, High HCO3; Compensation Respiratory Acido- sis 3 / 4
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23.metabolic acidosis ANS Abnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in the extracellular fluid caused by either a primary increase in hydrogen ions or a decrease in bicarbonate.
24.respiratory alkalosis ANS Arise in blood pH due to hyperventilation (excessive breathing) and a resulting decrease in CO2.
25.respiratory acidosis ANS A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
26.edema ANS Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
27.Down Syndrome ANS a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
28.polypolidy ANS condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes 29.Aneuploidy ANS the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell 30.amniocentesis
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