NURS 651 Exam 2 Maryville Exam New Latest Version with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and 100% Correct Answers as per Marking Scheme
astigmatism --------- Correct Answer --------- defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye vision is blurry both dose up and far away
nystagmus --------- Correct Answer --------- Involuntary hythmic movements of one or both eyes
Classes of nystagmus --------- Correct Answer --------- -Congential- 6 weeks-3 months -Acquired- Concerning!
Causes of acquired nystagmus --------- Correct Answer --------- Tumors, Albinism, CNS abnormalities, ear trauma, post-infection of inner ear. hydrocephalus
Prematurity and IVH and drug exposure linked with --------- Correct Answer --------- Acquired Nystagmus
Classification of Nystagmus --------- Correct Answer --------- hyper=up, Hypo=down Exo=outward Eso=inward Frequency, distance of eye movements, head of neck posturing, how many fields of gaze affected?
Opsocolus --------- Correct Answer --------- Involuntary oscillation of eye that persists of occurs beyond the first few weeks of life= pathological condition
myopia --------- Correct Answer --------- nearsightedness=distant objects blurry Light from distant object focused IN FRONT of Retina
hyperopia --------- Correct Answer --------- farsightedness=close objects are blurry Visual image focused BEHIND retina
Cataracts --------- Correct Answer --------- Cloudy lens. Most commonly caused by abnormal pupillary reflex. Congential or Acquired
congenital cataracts --------- Correct Answer --------- Infants should be able to follow moving objects by 3 months of age- absence of the red reflex.
congenital cataracts causes --------- Correct Answer --------- Trisomy 21, albinism, family history, Marfan, Diabetes, Ataxia Telangiectasia, demyelinating sclerosis, prematurity, nystagmus,
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Infection that cause cataracts --------- Correct Answer --------- congenital rubella, CMV, toxoplasmosis,
strabismus --------- Correct Answer --------- muscle weakness causing crossed eyes
Types of strabismus --------- Correct Answer --------- esotropia (eyes turn in) and exotropia (eyes turn out), hypertrophic one eye higher than the other
Strabismus= estropia causes --------- Correct Answer --------- LBW, prematurity, CP, Hydrocephalus, drug exposure
when is strabismus most visible --------- Correct Answer --------- when the child is looking at near object
What age does strabismus commonly occur? --------- Correct Answer --------- ages 1-8
-phoria --------- Correct Answer --------- intermittent deviation occurs when one eye is closed, Will not disrupt everyday life
-tropia --------- Correct Answer --------- constant deviation. cannot keep alignment on fixated object. cover uncover test "common with "tired" eyes *tropia is NOT NORMAL and can lead to double vision since the misaligned eye won't correct itself*
strabismus defined on video --------- Correct Answer --------- Ocular misalignment
Intermittent Esotropia --------- Correct Answer --------- Normal in ages 6 months to 4 year when tired, exposed to bright light or sudden movement from near to far vision.
S/S persistent squinting, head tilting, face turning, over pointing, or even nystagmus ----- ---- Correct Answer --------- strabismus
Tests to screen for strabismus --------- Correct Answer --------- corneal light reflection, cover-uncover test, alternating cover tests. Asymmetry of light reflex on cornea.Photoscreener.
Test for strabismus phorias --------- Correct Answer --------- alternating cover test
test for strabismus tropias --------- Correct Answer --------- cover-uncover test
iritis --------- Correct Answer --------- form of uveitis affecting structures in the front of the eye
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What diseases are associated with iritis /uveitis? --------- Correct Answer --------- Crohn's, JIA, Psoriatic arthritis, Reiter syndrome, Ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile spondyloarthropies
What infections can cause iritis? --------- Correct Answer --------- Syphlilis, TB, sarcoidosis, Lyme disease
Clinical findings of iritis --------- Correct Answer --------- Injected sclera, photophobia, pain, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, sterile corneal infiltrates.
strabismus --------- Correct Answer --------- •"Crossed Eyes" (Strabismus) -Most often noticed by mothers when child is an infant -Is often "pseudo-strabismus" from a wide nasal bridge and will resolve as the child's face grows -The key to diagnosis is the corneal light reflex •If centered and the same in both eyes, then likely pseudostrabismus •If not centered or not the same in both eyes, refer to pediatric optometry/ophthalmology -Can lead to poor development of vision if not treated early
Viral Conjunctivitis --------- Correct Answer --------- -Watery, red eye with excessive tearing and photophobia -Tender preauricular nodes!-Treatment is supportive with artificial tears, cool compresses, and frequent handwashing -1-2 week course and should be out of school -Refer only in severe cases
Bacterial conjunctivitis --------- Correct Answer --------- -Purulent discharge with crusty eyelids -In children less than 1 year old, most commonly Nasolacrimal duct obstruction -Treat with 4th generation fluoroquinolone drops and refer to ophthalmology -In older children, most commonly associated with URI -Treat underlying infection with oral antibiotics -Refer if significant pain or poor response to treatment
Primary care photo screener --------- Correct Answer --------- -Many Pediatric Ophthalmic Disorders are easiest diagnosed with flash photography •Leukocoria =Will see white in the pupil instead of red and often unilateral •Strabismus= Will only see 1 red reflex -In older children, the red eye is usually the normal eye
Photoscreener shows white out in one eye could be --------- Correct Answer --------- _Leukocoria -Cataract -Retinal Disease -Tumors
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