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NURS242 FINAL EXAM 2024 -2025 TEST BANK
COMPLETE 300+ ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
RATED A+
What factors affect alveolar-capillary diffusion? - Correct Answer - capillary permeability; surface area available for diffusion; concentration gradient for the gas; distance for diffusion
What causes right shifts (decreased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? - Correct Answer - acidemia; hyperthermia; hypercarbia
What causes left shifts (increased affinity) in Hemoglobin-O2 affinity? - Correct Answer - alkalemia; hypothermia; hypocarbia
What is hypoxemia? - Correct Answer - deficient blood oxygen; low PaO2; low O2 saturation 1 / 4
pg. 2 What is hypoxia? - Correct Answer - decreased tissue oxygen
What is hypoxic hypoxia? - Correct Answer - decreased tissue oxygen caused by decreased respirations
What is anemic hypoxia? - Correct Answer - decreased tissue oxygen caused by decreased hemoglobin
What is circulatory hypoxia? - Correct Answer - decreased tissue oxygen caused by decreased blood flow
What is histotoxic hypoxia? - Correct Answer - decreased tissue oxygen caused by increased toxic substance
What is ischemia? - Correct Answer - greatly reduced or interrupted flow through the arterial system, producing significant tissue hypoxia
What is hypercapnia? - Correct Answer - increased level of CO2 in the blood
What are S&S of acute hypoxia? - Correct Answer - dyspnea; restlessness; palpitations; agitation; headache; tremors; diaphoresis; respiratory distress; cyanosis; tachypnea; tachycardia; dysrhythmias; hypertension; lethargy; confusion to coma
What are some effects of hypercapnia? - Correct Answer - respiratory acidosis (decreased pH from increase in CO2); lethargy and confusion; increased HR and BP; flushed skin; arrhythmias; seizures; coma; death
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pg. 3 What is dyspnea? - Correct Answer - subjective feeling of being SOB
What does dyspnea lead to? - Correct Answer - decreased sense of wellness which may cause psychological and social consequences
What is the leading cause of cancer death? - Correct Answer - lung cancer
What is lung cancer most likely caused by? - Correct Answer - cigarette smoking; asbestos; familial predisposition
What are the manifestations of lung cancer? - Correct Answer - cough, hemoptysis (blood in cough sputum); hoarseness; chest pain; often disseminated (spread widely) at time of diagnosis
What are the types of bronchogenic carcinomas? - Correct Answer - squamous cell lung carcinoma (25-40%); adenocarcinoma (20-40%); small cell carcinoma (20-25%); large cell carcinoma (10-15%)
What is acute airway obstruction caused by? - Correct Answer - foreign body aspiration; laryngospasm (spontaneous spasm of the vocal cords); 3 / 4
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What is complete acute airway obstruction? - Correct Answer - inspiratory chest movements but no air movement; tachycardia, cyanosis, rapid progression to unconsciousness
What is partial acute airway obstruction? - Correct Answer - stridor (harsh vibrating noise), wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, retractions (chest moving inward)
What are some respiratory disorders in children? - Correct Answer - upper
airway infections: viral croup, spasmodic croup, and epiglotitis;
lower airway infections: acute bronchiolitis
What is croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)? - Correct Answer - inflammation of the larynx with a sudden onset; barking cough with stridor
What are the manifestations of viral croup? - Correct Answer - febrile; upper respiratory infection precedes
What are the manifestations of spasmodic croup? - Correct Answer - afebrile; may be allergic
What is epiglotitis? - Correct Answer - bacterial infection of supraglottic structures; high mortality without treatment
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