BIOD 121 (Portage) Module 1 Over View of Nutrition and Energy Needs Questions and Correct Answers Latest Version A person's nutritional status can be classified into one of three categories: - Correct Answer(1) desirable nutrition, (2) overnutrition, or (3) undernutrition.
appetite - Correct Answerexternal drive often related to pleasant sensations associated with food and can lead us to eat even if we are not hungry
appetite is defined as - Correct Answerpsychological external influences that encourage us to find food and consume it
balance - Correct Answerportion and calorie size
- enjoy your food but eat less of it
Calculating the energy available from foods - Correct Answer___ grams of carbohydrates x 4 = _____kcal ___ grams of proteins x 4 = _____kcal ___ grams of fat x 9 = _____kcal Total = _____kcal
Calculating the percentage of kilocalories from nutrients - Correct Answer___ g of carbs x 4 = _____ divided by total kcal x 100 = % carb kcal ___ g of protein x 4 = _____divided by total kcal x 100 = % protein kcal ___ g of fat x 9 = _____ divided by total kcal x 100 = % fat kcal
calorie - Correct Answeroften a general term for energy, and it is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius
- 1/1000th of a kilocalorie
carbohydrates - Correct Answer-compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -complex or simple forms found in sugars and starches -broken down into glucos (a source of energy for tissues and cells)
- function: primary source of energy
- sources: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and legums
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are sources of energy used for: - Correct Answer- Build new compounds.
- Perform muscular movements (mechanical energy).
- Promote nerve transmissions (electrical energy).
- Maintain ion balance within cells.
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cognitive - Correct AnswerHabits: Routines are tied to our food choices. Most of us eat about 100 basic foods. Most often the habits are learned from family routines. What you eat likely reflects eating habits learned from your parents.Comfort foods: Early influences expose us to a variety of foods that we relate to people, places, and events. Many of our diet habits begin during childhood, and the memories carry through for the rest of our lives. Consuming our favorite foods can make us feel better, provide security, decrease anxiety, and relieve stress. Positive or negative feelings associated with particular foods may begin in childhood but persist throughout our lifetime.Advertising: This is a major media tool used to influence our food choices in terms of intake as well as what we purchase. Advertisements aimed at children are a major marketing strategy. The U.S. food industry spends billions of dollars each year on advertising. Some of the most popular food items advertised are high in sugar or fat.Social factors: It is rare to attend any type of social event and not find food. The occasion may be happy, sad, or business related, but society seems to dictate that food must be served. Social factors have a strong influence on what we eat. Much of this is learned from parents and influenced by peers. In addition, time is limited for many of us, and the food industry has responded by providing many convenient options for consumers. Supermarkets now provide many options for time-pressed consumers in the form of microwavable meals and snacks, prepackaged vegetables, quick prep frozen products, and home-style meals.Nutritional value: Individual choices can be determined by stage in the life cycle, health status, educational background, and social status. Nutrition information provided on food labels can aid consumers who are trying to make healthy food choices.
Desirable nutrition - Correct Answeris achieved by eating a variety of foods that provide all the essential nutrients to support normal body functions. A balanced diet and regular exercise can help reduce the risk of chronic disease.
Each macronutrient yields a specific number of kcal per gram. - Correct
Answercarbohydrates: 4 kcal/gram
proteins: 4 kcal/gram
fats: 9 kcal/gram
alcohol: 7 kcal/gram
empty-calorie foods - Correct Answercontain a lot of calories but have little to no nutrient value
energy - Correct Answerthe ability to do work
- main reason for eating
environmental - Correct AnswerEconomics: This plays a major role in our food choices.Families with higher incomes typically spend more money on meals eaten away from home. The types of food purchased are often affected by income.
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