OB N354 SDSU Exam 1 Questions with Correct

OB N354 SDSU Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers statistical data (2 major types) - Correct Answer descriptive: summarize data/facts

inferential: determine or refute a relationship between two or more variables

birth rate - Correct Answer number of live births per 1000 population infant mortality rate (IMR) - Correct Answer number of deaths before the first birthday per 1000 live births NMR + PNMR = infant mortality neonatal mortality rate (NMR) - Correct Answer number of deaths under 28 days of life per 1000 live births postneonatal mortality rate (PNMR) - Correct Answer number of deaths from 28 days of life to first birthday per 1000 live births

• major causes of infant mortality - Correct Answer 1. congenital malformations (20%)
• LBW complications (17%)

3. SIDS (8%)

• Maternal complications of pregnancy (6%)
• unintentional injuries (4%)

maternal mortality rate - Correct Answer number of deaths due to complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium per 100,000 live births reproductive mortality rate - Correct Answer number of deaths due to temporary contraceptive methods, sterilization, ectopic pregnancies, and all other pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 women aged 15-44 Factors influencing IMR (7) external factors - Correct Answer 1. teenagers 1 / 4

• at or > 40 years
• incomplete high school
• unmarried
• poverty
• mom with late prenatal care (after first trimester) or no care
• smoking during pregnancy

Factors influencing IMR (3) internal factors - Correct Answer 1. male infants

• multiple births (i.e. twins)
• infants born preterm or LBW

LBW - Correct Answer low birth weight < 2500 g / 5 lb 8 oz VLBW - Correct Answer very low birth weight < 1500 g / 3 lb 4 oz premature - Correct Answer less than 37 weeks gestation SGA - Correct Answer small for gestational age weigh less than 10th percentile (bottom 10%) what does birth weight predict? - Correct Answer one of the most important predictors of infant mortality and morbidity LBW contributing factors (9) - Correct Answer 1. poverty

• lack of or poor prenatal care
• poor maternal nutrition
• smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, & abuse
• women's chronic illness
• maternal age ( <20 or >40) 2 / 4

• childbearing less than 2 yr intervals
• genital infections, uterine irritability, stress
• multiple births (i.e. twins)

LBW etiology for term infants (3) - Correct Answer 1. smoking

• maternal weight gain at conception
• weight gain during pregnancy

LBW etiology for preterm - Correct Answer unknown, but many risk factors (i.e. multiple births) LBW outcomes (2) - Correct Answer higher infant mortality higher incidence of permanently disabling conditions increased drug use (i.e. crack cocaine) association with risk of (7) - Correct Answer 1. spontaneous abortion

• placental abruption

3. LBW

• congenital defects
• withdrawal for newborns
• children with developmental and learning disabilities

7. SIDS

• common causes of maternal deaths in US (not abortive) - Correct Answer 1. embolism
• hypertensive disease
• hemorrhage

infection, cardiomyopathy, anesthesia/analgesia complications, other

• causes of maternal death in US (abortive outcome) - Correct Answer 1. ectopic pregnancy
• abortion (spontaneous/therapeutic)
• gestational trophoblastic disease 3 / 4

Factor to decrease maternal morbidity & mortality - Correct Answer better and more widespread prenatal care puerperium (4 phases) - Correct Answer postpartum period (4th trimester) from delivery of placenta to approx. 6 weeks after

• recovery (1-2 hr)
• immediate (first 24 hr)
• early (first week)

4, late (2-6 weeks) couplet care - Correct Answer "rooming-in" mother-baby nursing in same room to promote bonding

postpartum length of stay - Correct Answer vaginal: 24-48 hrs

cesarean section: 2-4 days

uterine involution - Correct Answer 10-14 days, uterus returns to pre-pregnant size after birth uterine descent - Correct Answer -immediately after delivery uterus is low near pubic bone and within 6-13 hours it springs up to level of umbilicus or U+1 -every postpartum day after delivery the uterus descends 1 cm afterpains - Correct Answer -oxytocin release contracts uterus down for uterine involution (the more children a women has the more severe, breastfeeding makes it worse)

-tx: motrin/ibuprofen

boggy uterus - Correct Answer -tone is squishy, risk for PPH

-NI: fundal massage

postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) - Correct Answer leading cause of maternal death, commonly from placental insertion site

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