Oceanography Exam #3 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) Chapter 19 What is suspended matter in seawater? Does it contribute to salinity? - Correct Answers ✅floating clay, silt, and some organic material It does not contribute to salinity What is the dissolved matter in seawater? Does it contribute to salinity? - Correct Answers ✅salts, dissolved gases, nutrients, and trace elements It does contribute to salinity What is salinity?B - Correct Answers ✅the total amount of solid material dissolved in one kilogram of sea water, when all the carbonate has been converted to oxide, all bromine and iodine replaced by chlorine, and all organic matter completely oxidized a measure of the total amount of dissolved material present in seawater What are the units used to express salinity? What is the average salinity of seawater?B - Correct Answers ✅Parts per thousand o/oo varies between ~ 33 ‰ and 37‰ 1 / 4
Oceanography Exam #3 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) List the major dissolved ions in seawater. EXAM QUESTION!! - Correct Answers ✅Chloride (Cl-) Sodium (Na+) Sulfate (SO42-) Magnesium (Mg2+) Calcium (Ca2+) Potassium (K+) Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Explain the origin of the ocean salinity.B - Correct Answers ✅Salts come from crustal rocks through chemical dissolution of minerals by water (rivers, rain, groundwater, waves) Excess volatiles (CO2, Cl, S, H, F, N, H2O) come from outgassing of volcanoes and hydrothermal vents Explain the Principle of Constant Proportion. - Correct Answers ✅The ratio of the concentrations of the individual major dissolved constituents to total salinity remains practically constant 2 / 4
Oceanography Exam #3 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) makes it possible to automatically calculate the concentrations of all the other constituents by measuring the concentration of only one of the ions in seawater Why and how (no need to remember the formula) can you calculate salinity from chlorinity? - Correct Answers ✅Salinity (‰) = 1.80655 x chlorinity in ‰ What does it mean that the oceans are in a 'steady state'?B - Correct Answers ✅the rate at which an element is added to the ocean equals the rate at which it is removed, so that the average amounts of various elements remain constant What are some of the sources and sinks of ocean's salinity? -
Correct Answers ✅•Sources: rivers, volcanic eruptions,
hydrothermal activity
•Sinks: salt sprays, biological processes, precipitation of
authigenic minerals, adsorption to the surface of sinking clays, hydrothermal activity What is the residence time of an element in the oceans?What are the basic assumptions that oceanographers make when calculating the residence time of an element?B - Correct Answers ✅the average time that an atom of an element spends in the ocean 3 / 4
Oceanography Exam #3 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) assumes the existence of steady-state conditions and a well- mixed ocean How do you calculate the residence time of an element in the ocean? EXAM QUESTION!! - Correct Answers ✅residence time = amount of element in ocean / Rate at which the element is added or removed from the ocean What is meant by conservative and non-conservative elements? Can you give a few examples? - Correct Answers
✅•Conservative constituents: they occur in constant
proportion or change very slowly through time. They have long residence time
•Non-conservative constituents: they are tied to biological or
seasonal cycles or to very short geological cycles. They have short residence time What is the general relationship between the residence time of elements and whether they are conservative or non- conservative? - Correct Answers ✅Conservative - long res time Non conservative - short res time What are the major gases dissolved in seawater?B - Correct Answers ✅Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
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