1 Oncology Exam 2 Med Surg/ Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers/ Rated A+
Definition of Oncology - ANS - Cancer involves any organ system and various treatments have potential for multi-system effects
Highest risk factors for developing cancer - ANS – ➢ -age, over 65 ➢ -alcohol, 6-7 drinks daily ➢ -landscaper ➢ -Higer incidence in men than in women
Best response to provide a patient that believes radiation is not working and is feeling weak - ANS - explain it is from the treatment itself, it doesn't mean it’s not working or progressing
Causes for concern for a charge nurse on an oncology unit - ANS –
➢ -10-year-old entering a room: do not allow them in
➢ -only ages 16 and up ➢ -e.g. visiting from 1p-2p, visitors should only be in room for 30m ➢ -pregnant women not allowed in room
Etiology: physical agents - ANS - include exposure to sunlight or radiation, chronic irritation, inflammation, radon, and tobacco use
Etiology: genetics and familial factors - ANS - almost every type has been shown to run in families
Etiology: lifestyle factors – ANS
➢ linked to environmental cancers:
➢ -fats 1 / 3
2 -alcohol -salt cured/smoked meats -nitrate/nitrite containing foods -red and processed meats
Etiology: hormonal agents - ANS - pregnancy decreases risk of certain cancers
role of the immune system in relation to cancer - ANS - -the immune system can destroy malignant cells -age related changes: declining organ function, chronic diseases, and diminished immune system= increased incidence of cancer
Extravasation - ANS - Vesicants are NEVER administered in peripheral veins involving the hand or wrist, permitted for a short time only in the forearm- less than 1h; IV push or bolus
epidemiology of cancer - ANS - -Affects people of all ages, but mostly in people over 55 years of age -Higher in industrialized sectors and nations e.g. landscapers
Proliferative patterns of cancer - ANS - noncancerous cells are benign, classified and named by tissue or origin, differ in many cellular growth characteristics
clinical manifestations of oncology emergency specifically SVC - ANS – -coughing* -progressive dyspnea* -edema of the neck, arms, hands, thorax* -facial swelling -hoarseness -chest pain
- skin tightness and difficulty swallowing
-engorged and distended jugular, temporal, and arm veins -ICP: visual disturbance, H/A, and altered mental status 2 / 3
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best response for a family member that is concerned that the patient is forgetful - ANS - explain that
patients with cancer experience memory loss: it's normal
nursing interventions: brachytherapy - ANS - -limit time in room, no more than 15m -wear lead shield
nutritional intake for pt with acute leukemia - ANS - -pain med before meals, helps if they have stomatitis -oral care before meals -I&O measurement
what orders should the nurse anticipate with tumor lysis syndrome (leak) - ANS - -electrolyte imbalance so fluids -increase fluid intake before and after therapy
findings expected with acute leukemia - ANS - -fatigue -weakness -N&V -hypocalcemia -hyper uremia -hyperphosphatemia -hyperkalemia
nursing interventions for a patient that is wheezing and has low BP - ANS - -stop infusion and notify provider (they are having a reaction)
after reviewing labs of a patient that is receiving chemo, you notice low platelet count, what should you include in the plan of care - ANS - -no fresh fruit or vegetables -avoid flowers
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