- | P a g e
pg. 1
OPOTA EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM NEWEST
2025 TEST BANK| COMPLETE 450 QUESTIO NS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+| OPOTA EXAM
PREP 2025|| BRAND NEW!!
Two types of Bias - ANSWER - explicit and implicit
Explicit Bias - ANSWER - conscious preference for a social category
Implicit bias - ANSWER - preference for a social category based on stereotypes that we hold and tend to develop in early life
Two modes of thinking - ANSWER - automatic (system 1) deliberative (system 2)
System 1 thinking - ANSWER - automatic, effortless, unconscious, very fast
System 2 thinking - ANSWER - Conscious, controlled, effortful, slower
practical purpose - ANSWER - simplifies tasks which most adults do without having to systematically think about each step
- / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 2 protection mechanism - ANSWER - we evaluate everything we see to determine if threatening or not
strategies to counter implicit biases - ANSWER - -Guarding against influence in decision making -awareness -know when you're susceptible ( in complete info, cognitive load, fatigue) -slow down thinking -empathetic -effort (intention, attention, time)
Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice - ANSWER - person based approach community based model
person based approach - ANSWER - emphasizes the importance of face to face interactions between officer and a citizen
Community based model - ANSWER - ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy through entire society
community bank account concept as it relates to procedural justice - ANSWER - every encounter is either a deposit or withdrawal (increase or decrease public perception of police) 2 / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 3 four core principles of procedural justice - ANSWER - giving others a voice, neutrality in decision making, respectful treatment, trustworthiness
explain the generally accepted ethical responsibilities of officers - ANSWER - -owed to your community, citizens, profession, agency, family, yourself -treat everyone professionally -never allow cynicism, excessive force, perjury and accept gratuities
External Influences on behavior - ANSWER - relationships with family and friends, citizens, media, regulations, politics, subculture
Internal influences on behavior - ANSWER - officer's own ethical and moral beliefs, anger, greed, lust
Denial of victim - ANSWER - argue that violated party deserves to be victimized
Denial of responsibility - ANSWER - acted improperly because no other options
Denial of injury - ANSWER - argue that action did not hurt anyone so no ethical misconduct
- / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 4 Social Weighting - ANSWER - makes comparisons to justify unethical misconduct
moral justification - ANSWER - argues that it's necessary to break rules for the greater good
Continuum of Compromise - ANSWER - -being exposed on a regular basis to "special authority" and at the same time being exposed on a daily basis to that element of society that operates without values, combines to severely challenge an officer's core values system
- can lead to a sense of entitlement where officers believe they are owed
professional courtesy and that the rules don't apply to them
acts of omission - ANSWER - officer rationalize and justify not doing things they are responsible
Acts of commission - ANSWER - administrative violations
acts of commission - ANSWER - -criminal -theft
Rationalization - ANSWER - nobody is being hurt, except for bad guys who deserve it anyway
Steps in Decsion Making Model - ANSWER - #1- Define problem
- / 4