OT Middle Childhood Exam Study Guide with Complete

OT Middle Childhood Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Verified Patterns of Growth in Middle Childhood - Correct Answers • Height and Weight (between ages 6-12)

• Gain a little over 2 inches and 5 to 7 pounds per year; average body weight doubles
• Boys are slightly heavier and taller than girls until 9 or 10 years old
• About age 11, boys develop more muscle and girls develop more fatty tissue

• Extensive individual deviations in height and weight during this age group • Lose their primary teeth and permanent teeth grow in • Should be monitored by regular physician: check-ups once a year or once every 2 years Brain development - Correct Answers - Myelination of axons continues to occur

• Brain volume and weight gains continue, but more slowly than in prenatal development and infancy

- Dramatic Growth in the Frontal Lobe: Executive functions

• Planning and self-regulation • Attention • Working memory • Cognitive flexibility • Goal setting • Information processing

• "fluid reasoning" - ability to think logically and solve problems in novel situations

general health - Correct Answers - Vision: 25% of US children are myopic; Myopia treated with corrective lenses in middle childhood

• Hearing: number of children affected by ear infections decreases during middle childhood
• Obesity
• Asthma

nutrition - Correct Answers - Children need to eat more to support the increased body weight and activity level (approx. 2,000 calories)

• Relationship between social class and nutrition 1 / 2

obesity - Correct Answers - 16% to 25% of children and adolescents in US are overweight; being overweight includes weight and body composition

• Most overweight children become overweight adults; fast food restaurant influences
• Overweight children and adolescents are often rejected by peers, perform more poorly in sport

activities, and have poorer body images than children of normal weight

• Obesity places greater risk for physical health problems

causes of obesity - Correct Answers • Heredity • School offerings • Amount of fat cells (adipose tissue)

• Hunger drive is connected to quantity of fat in these cells -> more fat cells, one feels hungry sooner

• Environmental factors

• Obese parents may model poor dietary and exercise habits; sedentary habits
• TV watching encourages snacking, exposes children to commercials for food, and is low physical

activity • Stressors and emotional reactions asthma - Correct Answers • Allergy-type respiratory disorder: Lung spasms, difficulty breathing; wheezing, dry cough, tightness in chest; can disturb sleep, speech

• Factors that increase risk of developing asthma:

• Previous respiratory or allergy problems
• Family history of asthma
• Lower socioeconomic status

• Treatment:

• Various medications, including steroids, bronchodilators, immunomodulators
• Parents are advised to remove dust, dander, and mites from home.
• Some children "outgrow" symptoms.

gross motor skills - Correct Answers - Connections between cerebellum and cortex become myelinated

• Increase in balance, coordination, and strength
• Reaction time gradually improves
• May develop specific sports related skills
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