Pals Heartcode 2024-2025 Version Questions and Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
2-person bag mask ventilation may be necessary when: - CORRECT ANSWER: - making a seal is difficult
- the provider's hands are too small
- significant airway resistance (asthma) or poor lung compliance)
- restricting spinal motion is necessary
Asthma progressing to imminent respiratory arrest - CORRECT ANSWER: S/S:
- drowsy or confused
- paradoxical thoracoabdominal movement
- absence of wheeze
- bradycardia
- respiratory muscle fatigue
treatment:
- admin O2
- continuous albuterol neb
- IV corticosteroid
- terbutaline
- bilevel positive airway pressure
- intubate for refractory hypoxemia and worsening clinical condition
Best position to maintain an open airway - CORRECT ANSWER: - infant: place padding underneath shoulders
- child: place padding underneath occiput
Causes of upper airway obstruction - CORRECT ANSWER: - foreign body aspiration
- airway swelling (anaphylaxis, tonsillar hypertrophy, coup, epiglottitis)
- masses
- thick secretion
- congenital airway abnormality
- poor control of upper airway due to decreased level of consciousness
Crackles - CORRECT ANSWER: breath sounds heart during expirations
Disordered Control of Breathing - CORRECT ANSWER: increased ICP
treatment:
- verify open/patent airway, adequate oxygenation, and adequate ventilation
- administer 20ml/kg IV isotonic crystalloid
- administer pharamacological therapy (osmotic agent, hypertonic saline)
- treat agitation and pain aggressively
- avoid hypotension 1 / 2
- avoid and aggressively treat fever
Early signs of tissue hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER: - tachypnea
- increased respiratory effort (nasal flaring, retractions)
- tachycardia
- pallor, mottling, cyanosis
- agitation, anxiety, irritability
Evaluate - Diagnostic Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER: laboratory, radiographic, and other advanced tests that help to identify the child's physiologic condition and diagnosis
Evaluate - Primary Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER: a rapid hands-on ABCDE
approach to evaluate respiratory, cardiac, and neurologic function; includes assessment of vital signs and pulse ox
Evaluate - Secondary Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER: a focused medical history
and focused physical exam
Evaluate-Identify-Intervene Sequence - CORRECT ANSWER: evaluate (primary
assessment, secondary assessment, diagnostic assessment)
Flow rate for pediatric nebulizer - CORRECT ANSWER: 5-6 L/min
Guidelines for rescue breathing for infants and children - CORRECT ANSWER: - give 1 breath every 2-3 seconds (about 20-30/min)
- given each breath in 1 second
- visible chest rise
- check pulse every 2 minutes
- use oxygen as soon as it is available
How should 1-rescuer infant compressions be delivered? - CORRECT ANSWER: - two
fingers or two thumbs
- rate of 100-120
- single rescuer (30:2)
- two rescuer (15:2)
How should 1-rescurer child compressions be delivered? - CORRECT ANSWER: either
one or two hands
- compress at least 1/3 the chest diameter (approximately 2 inches)
If you cannot achieve effective ventilation (ie, the chest does not rise), do the following:
- CORRECT ANSWER: - reposition/reopen the airway (sniffing position)
- verify mask size and ensure a tight face-mask seal
- suction the airway if needed
- check the O2 source
- check the ventilation bag and mask
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