Paramedic Final/FISDAP Exam 2024 with Complete Solutions Graded A+ A widespread of an infectious disease on a small level like national. - Correct Answer Epidemic Disease that occurs on a wide geographical scale like the whole world. COVID-19 - Correct Answer Pandemic Spread awareness of disease and precautions. - Correct Answer Paramedic roles in public health Mode of transmission, Portal of entry, susceptible host, Infectious agent, Reservoir, Portal of exit. - Correct Answer Chain of infection Phase of infection - Once infected with an infectious agent, a host goes through this period when he cannot transmit the agent to someone else. - Correct Answer Phase of infection - Latent period Phase of infection - Following the latent period is a ______ period, when the host may exhibit signs of clinical disease and can transmit the infectious agent to another host. - Correct Answer Phase of infection - Communicable period Phase of infection - The appearance of symptoms often lags after exposure to an infectious disease. The time between exposure and presentation, known as the _______ period, may range from a few days, as in the common cold, to months or years, as in HIV/AIDS or hepatitis. - Correct Answer Phase of infection
- Incubation period
Phase of infection - Creation of antibodies after exposure to a disease. - Correct Answer Phase of infection - Seroconversion Phase of infection - The time between exposure to disease and seroconversion is referred to as the _______ phase. (From the standpoint of the immune system response, the _______ phase is the period when antigen is present but antibody production has not reached detectable levels. - Correct Answer Phase of infection - Window phase 1 / 2
Phase of infection - The duration from the onset of signs and symptoms until the resolution of symptoms or death occurs. - Correct Answer Phase of infection - Disease period May be contracted by eating raw or inadequately cooked pork products, most commonly sausage.Females burrow into the intestinal wall and produce thousands of living larvae that migrate to skeletal muscle, where each forms a cyst and remains. Symptoms include GI disturbances, edema (mostly of the eyelids), fever, and variety of other diffuse and secondary symptoms. If the worms invade the heart in large numbers, death may result. Diagnosis is made by finding encysted worms during examination of muscle biopsy. Mebendazole is the antibiotic of choice. - Correct Answer Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) Transmitted by the ingestion of uncooked or undercooked ground beef, drinking unpasteurized milk, swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water, often causes severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps; sometimes no symptoms at all. Little or no fever is usually present, illness resolves in 5-10 days. Children under 5 and elderly can have a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, where the red blood cells are destroyed and the kidneys fail. (2-7% chance of hemolytic uremic syndrome). HUS is the principal cause of acute kidney failure in children. - Correct Answer E. Coli.Transmitted through incompletely cooked poultry. Also through contaminated objects that had raw poultry. - Correct Answer Salmonella (Infectious or viral hepatitis) is transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Found in stool of infected person.Transmitted via sexual contact, water, utensils, food and contaminated hands. Can survive on unwashed hands for up to 4 hours. No obvious signs like Jaundice and are recognized only by liver function studies.Not transmitted by needle-stick. Has a vaccine. - Correct Answer Hepatitis A (Serum Hepatitis) virus transmitted through direct contact with contaminated body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva.) More infectious than HIV. Healthcare workers with this hepatitis can develop acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Chronic, has a vaccine. - Correct Answer Hepatitis B Prevalence of this hepatitis virus in US is 1.6%. Transmitted primarily by IV drug abuse and sexual contact. Chronic condition in about 85% of infected people. Antibodies are produced but not effective.Virus has a high mutation rate. Formerly called non-A, non-B hepatitis and often causes liver fibrosis which progresses to cirrhosis. No vaccine. - Correct Answer Hepatitis C Often called delta hepatitis, depends on the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) to produce its structural protein shell. Only exists with HBV. Frequently occurs in central Africa, middle east, and the mediterranean countries. - Correct Answer Hepatitis D
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