PATH 370 MID-TERM EXAM NEWEST 2025

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PATH 370 MID-TERM EXAM NEWEST 2025

COMPLETE EXAM| 150 ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY

GRADED A+| PATH 370 MID-TERM EXAM| NEW!!

Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of:

• Hypovolemia.
• Vascular collapse.
• Hyperosmolarity.
• Cellular fluid shifts. - Correct Answer - D. Cellular fluid shifts.

Sodium imbalances alter osmolality of fluid compartment leading to osmosis of water from the hypo-osmole compartment to the hyperosmolar compartment. In brain cells, this leads to swelling or shrinkage of cells, and associated manifestations.

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to:

• Mixed acid-base disorders.
• Metabolic acidosis.
• Respiratory acidosis.
• Metabolic alkalosis. - Correct Answer - B. Metabolic acidosis.

Diarrhea results in loss of bicarbonate and leads to metabolic acidosis.Loss of bicarbonate (a base) would not lead to metabolic alkalosis.Respiratory conditions lead to respiratory acid and base disturbances; 1 / 4

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pg. 2 diarrhea is not a respiratory condition. Bicarbonate loss through diarrhea would not lead to any respiratory acid/base disturbance.

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation

symptoms may experience:

• Anxiety acidosis.
• Acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.
• Numbness and tingling in the extremities.
• Neuromuscular depression. - Correct Answer - C.

Numbness and tingling in the extremities occur in alkalosis as a result of increased neuromuscular irritability. Numbness and tingling as a result of hyperventilation result from increased neuromuscular irritability, not neuromuscular depression. Acidosis depresses neuromuscular irritability and thus would not cause numbness and tingling, even in compensation.

First-degree heart block is characterized by:

• Variable PR interval.
• Absent P waves.
• Prolonged PR interval.
• Widened QRS complex. - Correct Answer - C. Prolonged PR interval.

First-degree block is generally identified by a prolonged PR interval (more than 0.20 second) on ECG. P waves are not absent in first-degree heart block. A widened QRS complex is associated with a particular dysrhythmia, but not first-degree heart block. A variable PR interval is found in type I second-degree block.

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by: 2 / 4

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• Reduced CO.
• Hypovolemia.
• Elevated SvO2.
• Reduced systemic vascular resistance. - Correct Answer - A.

Cardiogenic shock occurs primarily as a result of severe dysfunction of the left or right ventricles, or both, that results in inadequate cardiac pumping. The low cardiac output state is associated with a high left ventricular diastolic filling pressure. Cardiogenic shock is not manifested by hypovolemia. Sympathetic activation leads to increases in heart rate, vasoconstriction, and a narrow pulse pressure. Low cardiac output leads to reduced SvO2.

An increase in the RMP (hyperpolarized) is associated with:

• Hypocalcemia.
• Hypercalcemia.
• Hypokalemia.
• Hyperkalemia. - Correct Answer - C. Hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia increases the resting membrane potential. Hyperkalemia results in hypo polarization. Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia do not affect the resting membrane potential.

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized

individual comes in contact with:

• Perfumes.
• Antibiotics.
• Animal proteins or dander. 3 / 4

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• Incompatible blood products. - Correct Answer - B. Antibiotics.

Anaphylactic shock is most frequently associated with antibiotic therapy.Contact with perfumes is not the most frequent cause of anaphylactic shock. Incompatible blood products do not lead to anaphylactic shock.Animal dander may lead to an anaphylactic reaction, but does so less commonly than antibiotics.

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is:

• Stroke.
• Hypertensive crisis.
• Extremity necrosis.
• Pulmonary embolus. - Correct Answer - D. Pulmonary embolus.

Deep vein thrombosis is treated aggressively, as it is the most frequent source of pulmonary embolus. Deep vein thrombosis is not the cause of a stroke. Hypertensive crisis is unrelated to deep vein thrombosis.Extremity necrosis could result from prolonged arterial occlusion.

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the

force of:

• The vessel radius.
• Resistance.
• The vessel length.
• Viscosity. - Correct Answer - B. Resistance.

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of resistance. Three determinants of resistance are vessel length, vessel radius, and blood viscosity. Viscosity is the thickness of fluid and

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