PATHO 370 MIDTERM EXAM 2023 REAL EXAM

PATHO 370 MIDTERM EXAM 2023 REAL EXAM

2 LATEST VERSIONS 200 QUESTIONS AND

CORRECT ANSWERS|WEST COAST

UNIVERSITY(AGRADE)

VERSION A

• Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by the autonomic

nervous system.

• Pulse pressure is defined as systolic pressure – diastolic pressure

3.The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who has had diarrhea for over a week.

4.Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in increased pH, increased HCO 3 – .

5.A common characteristic of viral pneumonia is increased carbonic acid.

6.A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis.False (resp alkalosis) 7.Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock? Septic 8.Respiratory acidosis is associated with increased carbonic acid.

9.Croup is characterized by a barking cough 10.A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with telangiectasia.

• The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called

pressure. capillary osmotic

• Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by recipient

antibodies

• The major cause of death from leukemic disease is infection
• The arterial oxygen content (CaO 2) for a patient with PaO 2 100 mm Hg,

SaO 2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is mL oxygen/dL. 19.4

• Mitral stenosis is associated with a pressure gradient across the

mitral valve.

• An example of an acyanotic heart defect is ventricular septal defect.

17.A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of 1 / 4

mitral regurgitation.

• After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate

lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of right- sided heart failure.

• What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than

intracellular fluid? Infants

• How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes

parathyroid hormone–related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance?Serum calcium, bowel function, level of consciousness 21.A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs platelet adhesion to injured tissue

• Pneumocystitis is a term that refers to a fungal pneumonia secondary

to HIV.

• The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient

with systolic heart failure is digitalis. 2 / 4

2

• Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

β-hemolytic streptococcal infection.

• How do clinical conditions that increase vascular permeability cause

edema? By allowing plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, which draws in excess fluid by increasing the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

• In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic

shock is associated with high cardiac output

• After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a

cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of tertiary prevention.

28.Which causes vasoconstriction? Norepinephrine

• Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.

• Which change in a patient’s assessment has the greatest urgency?

Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing

• Peripheral edema is a result of venous thrombosis.

32.Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces necrosis.liquefactive

• While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial

infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).What is the significance of this finding?Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease

• Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is

because of peripheral pooling of blood.

35.A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of vitamin K deficiency.

• Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism

of injury? Systemic lupus erythematosus

• What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.

• In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who

has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing? Class II, Compensated Stage

• Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific

proteins on a person’s cells. These proteins are called proteins. HLA or MHC

• After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6

weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?Continue lifestyle modifications only 3 / 4

3

• Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the

following except allostasis.

• All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except

aldosterone.

• The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result

of recurrent infection.

• Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

decrease left ventricular afterload.

• The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who

receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke.

46.The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is energy and repair.

47.Respiratory acidosis may be caused by hypoventilation 48.Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in permanent damage and death

• An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with shift to the

left.

• Hyperaldosteronism causes ECV excess and hypokalemia.

51.A patient has a positive Chvostek sign. The nurse interprets this as a sign of increased neuromuscular excitability.

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

• Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease. True
• The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is

thought to be because of tumor necrosis factor.

• Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to

myocardial cells?Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T

• The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

DNA.

• The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is

type IV.

• Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL

(acute lymphoid leukemia)? Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising

• Cancer grading is based on cell differentiation.
• In individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are

sensitized leads to which pathophysiologic event?Inflammation, mucosal edema, and bronchoconstriction

• Airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis is because of

thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy.

62.Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include headache.

• / 4