PATHO Exam 2 UT Tyler –Questions & Solutions which kind of genetic disorder requires that both parents pass on the defective gene to produce a homozygous affected child? ✔️Ans - autosomal recessive heterozygous, unaffected people are termed what? ✔️Ans - carriers cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and PKU are all what kind of genetic disorder? ✔️Ans - autosomal recessive which autosomal disorder tends to skip generations? ✔️Ans - autosomal recessive which kind of genetic disorder is manifested when only one allele is passed on? ✔️Ans - autosomal dominant which autosomal disorder has NO carriers? (if you have the allele then you have the disease) ✔️Ans - dominant which autosomal disorder presents in every generation? ✔️Ans - autosomal dominant which genetic disorder is extremely rare? (ex: fragile x syndrome) ✔️Ans - x-linked dominant which disorder is characterized by the allele being carried on the x chromosome? ✔️Ans - x-linked recessive who is x-linked recessive disorder most commonly manifested in? ✔️Ans - heterozygous males because men don't have the second x chromosome to compensate for the affected one who are carriers in x-linked recessive disorders? ✔️Ans - heterozygous females what genetic disorder is hemophilia classified as? ✔️Ans - x-linked recessive 1 / 3
will an affected male transmit a x-linked recessive defect to his daughters?(yes or no) ✔️Ans - yes which disease results in brain degeneration with symptoms not appearing until mid-life? ✔️Ans - huntington's which kind of genetic disorder is huntington's classified as? ✔️Ans - autosomal dominant which disorder is characterized as having 47 chromosomes with the extra being on chromosome 21? (trisomy 21) ✔️Ans - down syndrome which kind of cell directly attacks viruses and cancer cells? ✔️Ans - natural killer which type of immunity is classified as non-specific? ✔️Ans - innate (1st line of defense) which cell mediates the innate response by ingesting bacteria/viruses?✔️Ans - macrophages what blocks environmental antigens in the 1st line of defense? ✔️Ans - anatomic barriers which cells provides constant surveillance and triggers the adaptive immune system? ✔️Ans - macrophages what happens when a macrophage ingests a foreigner? ✔️Ans - considered infected and becomes apoptotic, APC's engulf them and trigger the cell mediated response which type of immunity is classified as specific? ✔️Ans - adaptive (2nd line of defense) which immune response requires exposure to antigens wither through disease or a vaccine? ✔️Ans - adaptive 2 / 3
which immune response allows for memory leading to a quicker response on second exposure? ✔️Ans - adaptive what are the 2 main repsonders in adaptive immunity? ✔️Ans - B and T cells what are the two types of adaptive immune response? ✔️Ans - humoral/antibody-mediated (B) or cell mediated (T) which adaptive immune response takes place outside of the cell? ✔️Ans - B cell (humoral) which type of cells produces antibodies specific to an antigen? ✔️Ans - B plasma cells which adaptive immune response take place inside of the cell? ✔️Ans - T cell (cell mediated) which type of cell influences all immune cells? ✔️Ans - CD 4 how do CD 4 cells help plasma cells produce antibodies? ✔️Ans - by producing cytokines which type of cell is responsible for a rapid immune response upon second exposure to an antigen? ✔️Ans - memory B cells (effector cells) which type of cell directly attacks antigens? ✔️Ans - CD 8 (cytotoxic) which cells cannot initiate immunity until they mature after passing through lymphoid tissues? ✔️Ans - T cells which adaptive immunity is long lasting and requires exposure a=to an antigen? ✔️Ans - humoral (B cell) how long does it take after 1st exposure to create antibodies? ✔️Ans - 5-7 days
bind to antigens and destroy/mark them for phagocytosis (ex: opsonize
bacteria) ✔️Ans - antibodies
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