Pathophysiology 2 Final Exam Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions
2024/2025
G.E.R.D tx - Correct Answer diet, pressure reduction, BH changes hiatal hernia - Correct Answer is a defect in the diaphragm. Risk increase with age, and women are more prone to it than men sliding hernia - Correct Answer (most common) portion of the stomach and esophagus slip up into thorax.Para esophageal hernia - Correct Answer (rolling) part of greater curvature of a stomach rolls through the diaphragmatic defect types of hernias - Correct Answer sliding and Para esophageal barrets esophagus - Correct Answer damage to the lower portion of the tube that connect the mouth and the stomach(columnar tissue) alterations in the integrity of the GI tact wall - Correct Answer enterocolitis, IBD, inflammation of stomach IBS - Correct Answer Alternating diarrhea and constipation; inflammation is not present. No pathogenic process volvulus - Correct Answer obstruction due to twisting or knotting of the GI tract. (birth defect) portal hypertension - Correct Answer the increase in blood pressure portal hypertension effects - Correct Answer GI bleeding; black tar stool, bloody stool 1 / 3
esophageal varices - Correct Answer abnormal enlarged veins in the connects the throat and the stomach causes of esophageal varices - Correct Answer developed when blood flow to the liver is blocked by a clot or scars tissue leading to portal hypertension ascites - Correct Answer accumulation of fluid in the abd.kernicterus - Correct Answer form of brain damage caused by excessive jaundice icterus - Correct Answer jaundice. yellowish pigment of skin and whites of eyes b/c of high bilirubin alcoholic jaundice - Correct Answer fatty liver. fat accumulation in liver cells via abnormal retention of lipids w/in cell cirrhosis - Correct Answer degeneration of cells, inflammation thicking of tissue jaundice - Correct Answer abnormal metabolism or retention of bilirubin types of jaundice - Correct Answer prehapatic, hepatic, post hepatic prehepatic jaundice - Correct Answer results from acute or chronic hemolytic anemia hepatic jaundice - Correct Answer disorders of bilirubin metabolism and transport post hepatic - Correct Answer compromise ability to excrete bilirubin by the liver bilirubin metabolism(where) - Correct Answer the liver type 1 DM: Onset, cause, TX, facts - Correct Answer Onset: 10-14 puberty; Causes: insulin deficient(destruction of inselt cells)- autoimmune reactions to B cells
Tx: insulin replacement w/excessive diet 2 / 3
Facts: prone to ketoacidosis
type 2 DM: Cause, tx - Correct Answer insulin resistant: defect glucose transports after insulin bands to receptors
TX: Diet, exercise, insulin
factors that effect permeability of BBB - Correct Answer inflammation, neovascularity, toxins, infants <6 brain disorder - Correct Answer dementia, and Parkinson dementia - Correct Answer progressive deterioration and cont. decline of memory and cognitive Alzheimer disease - Correct Answer form of dementia degeneration of the temporal and frontal neurons.
- brain atrophy
- amyloid plaque
- brain acetylcholine is decreased
causes of Alzheimer - Correct Answer unknown, although genetics and environmental triggers are suggested Parkinson's disease and causes - Correct Answer degeneration of dopamine neurons
-Causes: idiopathic drugs, trauma
Parkinson's etiology and tx - Correct Answer tx: deep brain stimulation
lewy bodies- protein bodies develop due to degeneration Parkinson's clinical manifestation - Correct Answer -tremor that is initially 1 sided the develops to 2 sided
- rigidity, loss of facial expression
- delayed swallowing leading to drooling
- / 3
-infrequent eye blinking