Pathophysiology chapter 33 Questions with Correct Answers Which of the following clients would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"? - Correct Answer A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL.A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. The nurse determines further teaching is necessary when the client states: - Correct Answer "I must avoid all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads." A client tells the health care provider that he has been very compliant over the last 2 months in the management of his diabetes .The best diagnostic indicator that would support the client's response would be: - Correct Answer Glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) A patient is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse assume? - Correct Answer The patient is achieving normal glycemic control.The nurse is caring for a client who received regular insulin at 7 am. Four hours later the nurse finds the client diaphoretic, cool, and clammy. Which of these interventions is the priority? - Correct Answer Give the client a concentrated carbohydrate.A man is brought into the emergency department by paramedics who state that the client passed out on the street. The man smells of alcohol, and when roused says he has not eaten since yesterday. He is wearing a medic alert bracelet that says he is a diabetic. What would the nurse suspect as a diagnosis? - Correct Answer Hypoglycemia A client has been experiencing elevated blood glucose levels. The nurse anticipates
that the client assessment data would include: - Correct Answer Polydipsia
The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by: - Correct Answer Insulin is not available for use by the body.A 30-year-old male who manages his type 1 diabetes with glyburide presents at the emergency room complaining of headache, confusion, and tachycardia. He has come from a party at which he drank two beers to celebrate running his first half- marathon. Which of the following is likely to be the cause of his complaints? - Correct Answer Hypoglycemia What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia The pancreas is an endocrine organ that is composed of the acini and the islets of Langerhans. The islets of Langerhans have alpha, beta, and delta cells as well as the PP cell. Which cells secrete insulin? - Correct Answer Beta cells 1 / 2
Macrovascular disease includes coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. People with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at high risk for developing macrovascular disease. What are the risk factors for macrovascular disease in diabetics? - Correct Answer Elevated fibrinogen levels and hyperinsulinemia When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this
medication: - Correct Answer Has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a
relatively constant concentration for 12-24 hours.The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who has been treated for gestational diabetes. When teaching the client about the causes of gestational diabetes, the nurse should include which of these risk factors in the teaching? - Correct Answer Woman with a family history of diabetes A client is managing his diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's most recent lab results: fasting blood sugar level at 80 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1C of 5%. Select the response that best identifies the client. - Correct Answer The client is achieving normal glycemic control.Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes? - Correct Answer Complete failure of insulin secretion A woman in her 28th week of pregnancy tests positive for gestational diabetes mellitus and begins to follow a nutritional plan at home. What result at the follow-up visit indicates a successful outcome? - Correct Answer Random blood glucose 85 mg/dl The nurse is reviewing assessment data on four clients. Select the client at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes. - Correct Answer A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle A patient with distal symmetric polyneuropathy usually begins by complaining of: - Correct Answer Loss of feeling or touch in the feet.The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes and the family about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. The client asks what produces signs and symptoms of
headache, disturbed behavior, coma, and seizures. The best response would be: -
Correct Answer The brain relies on blood glucose as its main energy source.A nurse is evaluating patients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which of the following patients has the highest risk? - Correct Answer A 45-year-old obese woman with a sedentary lifestyle Type 1A diabetes is now considered an autoimmune disorder. What factors are considered necessary for type 1A diabetes to occur? - Correct Answer Genetic predisposition, environmental triggering event, and a T-lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction against some beta-cell antigen
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