Pathophysiology D236 Worksheet Updated 2024-2025. Rated A

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Pathophysiology D236 Worksheet/ Updated 2024-2025. Rated A+ • Section 1 (24%)

• Lesson 1: Homeostasis

• Lesson 2: Cellular Response and Adaptation

• Section 2 (6%)

• Lesson 3: Musculoskeletal System

• Lesson 4: Integumentary System

• Section 3 (10%)

• Lesson 5: Neurologic Systems

• Section 4 (22%)

• Lesson 6: Cardiovascular Systems

• Lesson 7: Lymphatic System

• Section 5 (6%)

• Lesson 8: Respiratory System

• Section 6 (16%)

• Lesson 9: Gastrointestinal System

• Lesson 10: Renal System

• Section 7 (16%)

• Lesson 11: Endocrine System

• Lesson 12: Reproductive System

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D236 Pathophysiology Worksheet – Section 1 Lesson 1 Homeostasis

Learning Objectives

• Describe homeostasis and the importance to maintain optimal physiological health

and wellbeing.

• Examine the impact of disrupted homeostasis on physiological wellbeing.
• Explore internal and external influences on physiological wellbeing.

Learning Objective: Describe homeostasis and the importance to maintain optimal

physiological health and wellbeing.

Text 115-121

a) Distinguish between intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and interstitial fluid:

Location % of body weight intracellular fluid (ICF) extracellular fluid (ECF) interstitial fluid (ISF)

b) Distinguish between osmotic and oncotic pressure.

c) What are the major solutes in the body?

d) Distinguish between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. Starling’s law of

capillary forces balances which two forces?

e) Describe the RAAS system for maintaining blood volume. Create a diagram or flow

chart to explain this system to yourself.

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pg. 2 Text 141-144

f) Explain the characteristics of an acid and base.

g) What happens to carbon dioxide (CO2) when it mixes with the water in the blood?

h) Describe the pH scale:

H + concentration Acid or Base (alkaline) High pH Low pH

i) What is the purpose of a buffer? How do buffers function in the process of

compensation?

Learning Objective: Examine the impact of disrupted homeostasis on physiological wellbeing.

Text 121-134 Edema

a) Is edema caused by third-spacing? Explain.

b) Electrolyte imbalances: Complete the following table:

Electrolyte Three major symptoms Treatment considerations Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypomagnesemia 3 / 4

pg. 3 Hypermagnesemia Text 144-155

Anion gap

c) Distinguish between and anion and a cation; provide examples.

d) Refer to Figure 8.4. Write an explanation of anion gap to clarify your understanding.

e) When would the anion gap measurement become important?

f) Explain why diabetic ketoacidosis might lead to an increased anion gap.

g) Provide some examples of how anion gap can be used for differential diagnoses.

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

h) Review: Normal ranges for ABGs and terminology:

Normal range Blood pH PCO2 PO2 HCO3 -

SaO2 Alternate term Low O2 High O2 Low CO2 High CO2

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