Pathophysiology Exam 1 and 2 Practice Exam

pg. 1 Pathophysiology Exam 1 and 2 Practice Exam Test bank with 260 Questions and Correct Verified answers | Patho Exam 1 and Exam 2 Prep 2025-2026| NURS 4338 Pathophysiology

PATHO Exam 1 (140 questions)

The primary cell of immunity is the:

• mast cell.
• macrophage.
• neutrophil.
• lymphocyte
• lymphocyte

Humoral immunity is generated through the process of:

• direct cell lysis.
• stimulating an inflammatory response.
• producing antibodies.
• secreting toxic molecules.
• producing antibodies.

If a person has resistance to a disease from natural exposure to an antigen, the person has which form of immunity?

• Natural
• Innate
• Passive acquired
• Active naturally acquired
• Active naturally acquired

Molecules that are capable of inducing an immune response are called:

• lymphocytes.
• haptens.
• antigens.
• antibodies. 1 / 4

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• antigens.

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous antigen?

• Poison ivy
• Injected medications
• Pollen
• The body's own tissue
• The body's own tissue

The condition in which the immune cells attack the individual's own tissues as if

they were invaders is called:

• alloimmunity.
• autoimmunity.
• hypersensitivity.
• graft rejection.
• autoimmunity.

Immune cells distinguish "self" from "nonself" by recognizing:

• cellular RNA.
• major histocompatibility antigens.
• different types of phospholipids in a cell's membrane.
• "nonself" enzymes secreted by foreign cells.
• major histocompatibility antigens.

Opsonization promotes the process of:

• phagocytosis.
• vasodilation.
• increased vascular permeability.
• clotting.
• phagocytosis.

A nursing student is scheduled to undergo a clinical exam of his assessment skills under the supervision of the instructor. As a result of this stressor, the student has high serum levels of glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol. Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol in the physiological response to stress?

• blood glucose levels are decreased in anticipation of energy expenditure
• attention, arousal, and respiratory rate are decreased in order to prepare for a 2 / 4

pg. 3 response

• the immune system is enhanced in response to an impending threat
• osteoblast activity and protein synthesis are suppressed in order to refocus

energy

• osteoblast activity and protein synthesis are suppressed in order to refocus

energy

Cellular atrophy involves:

• an increase in cell size.
• a decrease in cell size.
• an increase in the number of cells.
• a decrease in the number of cells.
• a decrease in cell size.

In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process

of:

• atrophy.
• hypertrophy.
• hyperplasia.
• dsyplasia.
• hypertrophy.

The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:

• cell division.
• water accumulation.
• protein synthesis.
• plasma membrane thickness.
• protein synthesis.

Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results in cervical:

• atrophy.
• dysplasia.
• metaplasia.
• hormonal hyperplasia.
• dysplasia. 3 / 4

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Metaplasia involves the replacement of normal cells by:

• another type of cell.
• abnormal cells of the same tissue type.
• scar tissue.
• cancer cells.
• another type of cell.

The most common cause of hypoxic injury is:

• free radicals.
• malnutrition.
• chemical toxicity.
• ischemia.
• ischemia.

The process by which cells program themselves to die is called:

• karyolysis.
• apoptosis.
• pyknosis.
• necrosis.
• apoptosis.

Osmosis describes the movement of:

• electrolytes.
• glucose.
• water.
• blood.
• water.

Which of the following electrolytes is found in the highest concentrations in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?

• Sodium
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Potassium
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