Pathophysiology Exam 1 Flash Cards 2019 NR283 Chamberlain College of Nursing Chapter 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 20 Questions and Correct Correct Answers (CH 1)Dysplasia - Correct Answer: out of order/looks weird - are unable to differentiate the size/shape of cells properly - precancerous
(CH 2) ADH - Correct Answer: anti diuretic hormone -> retain/keep fluid
(CH 5) Defense Mechanisms - Correct Answer: 1st line - nonspecific (does same thing
all the time) ex: skin, mucous/lining (protects body from injurious agents)
2nd line - nonspecific example(s): inflammation, macrophages (engulf bacteria get rid from body) 3rd line - specific - can differentiate between agents (certain way) antibodies that target specific harmful agents in the body
(CH 6) Pathogen - Correct Answer: any microbe that can cause an infection
(CH 7) Review of the Immune System - Correct Answer: antigens
antibodies cells complement system chemical mediators
(CH 20) Neoplasm characteristics - Correct Answer: cellular growth - look for this [dramatic rates] cells are not listening - they are doing whatever they want and when it is not required selfish - they take nutrients from cells that need it they contains immature or not typical cells
1st degree burn - Correct Answer: outer layer of epidermis ONLY
pink/red in color dry painful healing = 3-10 days
ex: mild sun burn
2nd degree burn - Correct Answer: -superficial partial thickness or deep partial thickness, -epidermis and partial destruction of dermis -red painful w/ blister -weeping/moist appearance healing = 1-2 weeks 1 / 2
do NOT pop blisters - THEY HELP numbness/tingling - decreased sensation
3rd degree burn - Correct Answer: full thickness
subcutaneous tissue - muscle/bone/vessels varies in color (charred, black, deep red) looks hard and leathery
healing: months and months
skin graft : takes skin/tissue from another part of the body to promote healing
pain: none because nerve sensors are destroyed
Acid-base Review - Correct Answer: pH = 7.35-7.45
below 7.35 = acidotic above 7.45 = alkalotic
CO2 = 35-45
HCO3 = 22-26
Respiratory acidosis: lower than 7.35 pH, higher than 45 CO2, normal HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis: higher than 7.45 pH, low CO2, normal HCO3
Metabolic Acidosis: low pH, normal CO2, low HCO3
Metabolic Alkalosis: high pH, normal CO2, high HCO3
Acute - Correct Answer: started now and ongoing (short period of time)
Acute Inflammation - Correct Answer: NOT AS SEVERE (treated quickly)
Local: redness, warmth, swelling, pain due to fluid pushing on the nerve causing the pain, exudate; watery, fibrinous, sticky, perelent (pus) Systemic: mild fever, malaise (sick), fatigue (tired), anorexia (loss of appetite) Complications: decreased range of movement, decreased expCorrect Answer: ion of
the lungs, infection (example: cut and microorganism entering body).
age - Correct Answer: the older we get, the easier we get this stuff
Agent - Correct Answer: microbe (mucinex "booger guys"
AIDS - Correct Answer: A serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system trCorrect Answer: mitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles.stage of active infection
diagnosis of AIDS based on: CD4 count, presence of opportunistic infections
Aldosterone - Correct Answer: controls amount of salt and water -> if there is too little it reabsorbs it and gets rid of potassium (through the kidneys)
Anaplasia - Correct Answer: worse than dysplasia (even more out of order)
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