PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025

ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND

CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED

ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!

A diabetic client has injured his foot while walking barefoot on the lawn. On admission, which of the following assessment findings would be considered a localized cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

• Fatigue with listlessness
• Temperature of 101°F
• Redness and edema at the injured site
• Urine output of less than 500 mL/24 hours (low) -

CORRECT ANSWER -C. Redness and edema at the injured site

A couple has chosen to pay for the harvesting and storage of umbilical cord blood after the delivery of their child to secure a future source of embryonic stem cells. What is the most likely rationale for the couple's decision?

• The embryonic stem cells remove cyclin-dependent kinase

inhibitors from the body. 1 / 4

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• The stem cells may be able to produce a wide range of body

cells.

• The embryonic stem cells allow stable and permanent tissues

to enter mitosis.

• The stem cells can change the proliferative capacity of other

cells. - CORRECT ANSWER -B. The stem cells may be able to produce a wide range of body cells.

A client cuts herself with a sharp knife while cooking dinner.The client describes how the wound started bleeding and had a red appearance almost immediately. The nurse knows that in the

vascular stage of acute inflammation, the vessels:

• Swell to the point of compromising circulation causing the

limb to become cool to touch

• Bleed profusely until the body can compensate and start to

send fibrinogen to the wound

• Constrict as a result of "fight/flight" hormone release

resulting in pale-colored skin

• Vasodilate causing the area to become congested causing the

red color and warmth - CORRECT ANSWER -D. Vasodilate causing the area to become congested causing the red color and warmth

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A lung biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging have confirmed the presence of a benign lung tumor in a client. Which of the following characteristics is associated with this client's neoplasm?

• The tumor is likely to infiltrate the lung tissue that presently

surrounds it.

• The cells that constitute the tumor are undifferentiated, with

atypical structure.

• If left untreated, the client's tumor is likely to metastasize.
• The tumor will grow by expansion and is likely encapsulated.
• CORRECT ANSWER -D. The tumor will grow by expansion

and is likely encapsulated

An 84-year-old client's blood cultures have come back positive, despite the fact that his oral temperature has remained within normal range. Which of the following phenomena underlies the alterations in fever response that occur in the elderly?

• The presence of comorbidities that is associated with lowered

core temperature

• Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center
• Increased heat loss by evaporation 3 / 4

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• Persistent closure of arteriovenous shunts - CORRECT

ANSWER-B. Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center

During lecture on wound care, the instructor mentions the final stage of the cellular response of acute inflammation. Of the following statements, which describes what physiologically occurs in the final stage?

• Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages engulf and

degrade the bacteria/cellular debris.

• Leukocytes accumulate and begin migration to the site of

injury.

• Mediators are transformed into inactive metabolites.
• Chemokines direct the trafficking of leukocytes. - CORRECT

ANSWER-A. Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages engulf and degrade the bacteria/cellular debris.

The most reliable method for measuring body water or fluid

volume increase is by assessing:

• Tissue turgor
• Intake and output
• Body weight change
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